exerceo
Latin
Etymology
From ex- (“out of, from”) + arceō (“enclose; ward off”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ekˈser.ke.oː/, [ɛkˈs̠ɛrkeoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈser.t͡ʃe.o/, [eɡˈzɛrt͡ʃeo]
Verb
exerceō (present infinitive exercēre, perfect active exercuī, supine exercitum); second conjugation
- I keep busy, keep at work, drive on; occupy, practise, employ, exercise (something in a form of action)
- Synonyms: operor, labōrō, vertō, versō, iactō
- I harass, worry
- I oversee, superintend, operate
- I work (at)
- 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, 24:27:
- praeparā foris opus tuum et dīligenter exercē agrum tuum ut posteā aedificēs domum tuam
- Prepare thy work without, and diligently till thy ground: that afterward thou mayst build thy house.
- (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)
- Prepare thy work without, and diligently till thy ground: that afterward thou mayst build thy house.
- praeparā foris opus tuum et dīligenter exercē agrum tuum ut posteā aedificēs domum tuam
- 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, 24:27:
- (reflexive or passive) I train, I exercise (e.g., for a race or sport)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of exerceō (second conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | exerceō | exercēs | exercet | exercēmus | exercētis | exercent |
| imperfect | exercēbam | exercēbās | exercēbat | exercēbāmus | exercēbātis | exercēbant | |
| future | exercēbō | exercēbis | exercēbit | exercēbimus | exercēbitis | exercēbunt | |
| perfect | exercuī | exercuistī | exercuit | exercuimus | exercuistis | exercuērunt, exercuēre | |
| pluperfect | exercueram | exercuerās | exercuerat | exercuerāmus | exercuerātis | exercuerant | |
| future perfect | exercuerō | exercueris | exercuerit | exercuerimus | exercueritis | exercuerint | |
| passive | present | exerceor | exercēris, exercēre | exercētur | exercēmur | exercēminī | exercentur |
| imperfect | exercēbar | exercēbāris, exercēbāre | exercēbātur | exercēbāmur | exercēbāminī | exercēbantur | |
| future | exercēbor | exercēberis, exercēbere | exercēbitur | exercēbimur | exercēbiminī | exercēbuntur | |
| perfect | exercitus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | exercitus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | exercitus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | exerceam | exerceās | exerceat | exerceāmus | exerceātis | exerceant |
| imperfect | exercērem | exercērēs | exercēret | exercērēmus | exercērētis | exercērent | |
| perfect | exercuerim | exercuerīs | exercuerit | exercuerīmus | exercuerītis | exercuerint | |
| pluperfect | exercuissem | exercuissēs | exercuisset | exercuissēmus | exercuissētis | exercuissent | |
| passive | present | exercear | exerceāris, exerceāre | exerceātur | exerceāmur | exerceāminī | exerceantur |
| imperfect | exercērer | exercērēris, exercērēre | exercērētur | exercērēmur | exercērēminī | exercērentur | |
| perfect | exercitus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | exercitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | exercē | — | — | exercēte | — |
| future | — | exercētō | exercētō | — | exercētōte | exercentō | |
| passive | present | — | exercēre | — | — | exercēminī | — |
| future | — | exercētor | exercētor | — | — | exercentor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | exercēre | exercuisse | exercitūrum esse | exercērī | exercitum esse | exercitum īrī | |
| participles | exercēns | — | exercitūrus | — | exercitus | exercendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| exercendī | exercendō | exercendum | exercendō | exercitum | exercitū | ||
Derived terms
- exercibilis
- exercitē
- exercitiō
- exercitium
- exercitō
- exercitor
- exercitus
Related terms
Related terms
- abarceō / aberceō
- arceō
- coerceō
- exercitāmentum
- exercitātē
- exercitātiō
- exercitātor
- exercitātōrius
- exercitātrīx
- exercitōrius
- exercituālis
Descendants
- English: exercise
- French: exercer
- Italian: esercire
- Portuguese: exercer
- Spanish: ejercer
References
- “exerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “exerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- exerceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be severely tried by misfortune: multis iniquitatibus exerceri
- to be at enmity with a man: inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo
- to follow an artistic profession, practise an art: artem exercere
- to exercise one's cruelty on some one: crudelitatem exercere in aliquo
- to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
- to rear stock: rem pecuariam facere, exercere (cf. Varr R. R. 2. 1)
- to collect the taxes: vectigalia exercere (vid. sect. V. 7, note The first...)
- to administer justice; to judge (used of criminal cases before the praetor): iudicium exercere (vid. sect. V. 7, note The first...)
- to be severely tried by misfortune: multis iniquitatibus exerceri