excuso
See also: excusó
Catalan
Verb
excuso
- first-person singular present indicative form of excusar
Latin
Etymology
From ex- + causa (“cause, reason; case”) + -ō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ekˈskuː.soː/, [ɛkˈs̠kuːs̠oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈsku.so/, [ekˈskuːs̬o]
Verb
excūsō (present infinitive excūsāre, perfect active excūsāvī, supine excūsātum); first conjugation
- I excuse, allege in excuse, free from a charge.
- I cite as an excuse or pretext or justification.
- I exempt, dispense.
- I justify by an excuse.
- Saint Jerome
- Dum excusare credis, accusas
- When you believe you are excusing yourself, you are accusing yourself.
- Dum excusare credis, accusas
- Saint Jerome
Conjugation
| Conjugation of excūsō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | excūsō | excūsās | excūsat | excūsāmus | excūsātis | excūsant |
| imperfect | excūsābam | excūsābās | excūsābat | excūsābāmus | excūsābātis | excūsābant | |
| future | excūsābō | excūsābis | excūsābit | excūsābimus | excūsābitis | excūsābunt | |
| perfect | excūsāvī | excūsāvistī, excūsāstī1 | excūsāvit, excūsāt1 | excūsāvimus, excūsāmus1 | excūsāvistis, excūsāstis1 | excūsāvērunt, excūsāvēre, excūsārunt1 | |
| pluperfect | excūsāveram, excūsāram1 | excūsāverās, excūsārās1 | excūsāverat, excūsārat1 | excūsāverāmus, excūsārāmus1 | excūsāverātis, excūsārātis1 | excūsāverant, excūsārant1 | |
| future perfect | excūsāverō, excūsārō1 | excūsāveris, excūsāris1 | excūsāverit, excūsārit1 | excūsāverimus, excūsārimus1 | excūsāveritis, excūsāritis1 | excūsāverint, excūsārint1 | |
| passive | present | excūsor | excūsāris, excūsāre | excūsātur | excūsāmur | excūsāminī | excūsantur |
| imperfect | excūsābar | excūsābāris, excūsābāre | excūsābātur | excūsābāmur | excūsābāminī | excūsābantur | |
| future | excūsābor | excūsāberis, excūsābere | excūsābitur | excūsābimur | excūsābiminī | excūsābuntur | |
| perfect | excūsātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | excūsātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | excūsātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | excūsem | excūsēs | excūset | excūsēmus | excūsētis | excūsent |
| imperfect | excūsārem | excūsārēs | excūsāret | excūsārēmus | excūsārētis | excūsārent | |
| perfect | excūsāverim, excūsārim1 | excūsāverīs, excūsārīs1 | excūsāverit, excūsārit1 | excūsāverīmus, excūsārīmus1 | excūsāverītis, excūsārītis1 | excūsāverint, excūsārint1 | |
| pluperfect | excūsāvissem, excūsāssem1 | excūsāvissēs, excūsāssēs1 | excūsāvisset, excūsāsset1 | excūsāvissēmus, excūsāssēmus1 | excūsāvissētis, excūsāssētis1 | excūsāvissent, excūsāssent1 | |
| passive | present | excūser | excūsēris, excūsēre | excūsētur | excūsēmur | excūsēminī | excūsentur |
| imperfect | excūsārer | excūsārēris, excūsārēre | excūsārētur | excūsārēmur | excūsārēminī | excūsārentur | |
| perfect | excūsātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | excūsātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | excūsā | — | — | excūsāte | — |
| future | — | excūsātō | excūsātō | — | excūsātōte | excūsantō | |
| passive | present | — | excūsāre | — | — | excūsāminī | — |
| future | — | excūsātor | excūsātor | — | — | excūsantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | excūsāre | excūsāvisse, excūsāsse1 | excūsātūrum esse | excūsārī | excūsātum esse | excūsātum īrī | |
| participles | excūsāns | — | excūsātūrus | — | excūsātus | excūsandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| excūsandī | excūsandō | excūsandum | excūsandō | excūsātum | excūsātū | ||
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Derived terms
- excūsābilis
- excūsābundus
- excūsāmentum
- excūsātē
- excūsātiō
- excūsātor
- excūsātus
Related terms
- causa
- excūsātiuncula
Descendants
- Catalan: excusar
- Old French: escuser
- Middle French: excuser
- French: excuser
- → Middle English: excusen, escusen
- English: excuse
- Middle French: excuser
- Galician: escusar
- Italian: scusare
- Occitan: excusar
- Portuguese: escusar
- Romanian: scuza
- Sardinian: iscugiare
- Spanish: excusar
- → Welsh: esgus
References
- “excuso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “excuso”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- excuso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to excuse oneself on the score of health: valetudinem (morbum) excusare (Liv. 6. 22. 7)
- to plead ill-health as an excuse for absence: excusare morbum, valetudinem
- to excuse oneself on the score of health: valetudinem (morbum) excusare (Liv. 6. 22. 7)
Spanish
Verb
excuso
- first-person singular present indicative of excusar