excrucio
Latin
Etymology
From ex- (“out of, from”) + cruciō (“crucify; torture, torment”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ekˈskru.ki.oː/, [ɛkˈs̠krʊkioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈskru.t͡ʃi.o/, [ekˈskruːt͡ʃio]
Verb
excruciō (present infinitive excruciāre, perfect active excruciāvī, supine excruciātum); first conjugation
- I torment greatly, torture, rack, plague; afflict, distress, harass, vex.
- I force out by torturing, extort.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of excruciō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | excruciō | excruciās | excruciat | excruciāmus | excruciātis | excruciant |
| imperfect | excruciābam | excruciābās | excruciābat | excruciābāmus | excruciābātis | excruciābant | |
| future | excruciābō | excruciābis | excruciābit | excruciābimus | excruciābitis | excruciābunt | |
| perfect | excruciāvī | excruciāvistī | excruciāvit | excruciāvimus | excruciāvistis | excruciāvērunt, excruciāvēre | |
| pluperfect | excruciāveram | excruciāverās | excruciāverat | excruciāverāmus | excruciāverātis | excruciāverant | |
| future perfect | excruciāverō | excruciāveris | excruciāverit | excruciāverimus | excruciāveritis | excruciāverint | |
| passive | present | excrucior | excruciāris, excruciāre | excruciātur | excruciāmur | excruciāminī | excruciantur |
| imperfect | excruciābar | excruciābāris, excruciābāre | excruciābātur | excruciābāmur | excruciābāminī | excruciābantur | |
| future | excruciābor | excruciāberis, excruciābere | excruciābitur | excruciābimur | excruciābiminī | excruciābuntur | |
| perfect | excruciātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | excruciātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | excruciātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | excruciem | excruciēs | excruciet | excruciēmus | excruciētis | excrucient |
| imperfect | excruciārem | excruciārēs | excruciāret | excruciārēmus | excruciārētis | excruciārent | |
| perfect | excruciāverim | excruciāverīs | excruciāverit | excruciāverīmus | excruciāverītis | excruciāverint | |
| pluperfect | excruciāvissem | excruciāvissēs | excruciāvisset | excruciāvissēmus | excruciāvissētis | excruciāvissent | |
| passive | present | excrucier | excruciēris, excruciēre | excruciētur | excruciēmur | excruciēminī | excrucientur |
| imperfect | excruciārer | excruciārēris, excruciārēre | excruciārētur | excruciārēmur | excruciārēminī | excruciārentur | |
| perfect | excruciātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | excruciātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | excruciā | — | — | excruciāte | — |
| future | — | excruciātō | excruciātō | — | excruciātōte | excruciantō | |
| passive | present | — | excruciāre | — | — | excruciāminī | — |
| future | — | excruciātor | excruciātor | — | — | excruciantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | excruciāre | excruciāvisse | excruciātūrum esse | excruciārī, excruciārier1 | excruciātum esse | excruciātum īrī | |
| participles | excruciāns | — | excruciātūrus | — | excruciātus | excruciandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| excruciandī | excruciandō | excruciandum | excruciandō | excruciātum | excruciātū | ||
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- excruciābilis
- excruciātiō
- excruciātor
- excruciātus
Descendants
- English: excruciate
References
- “excrucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “excrucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- excrucio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari
- to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari