ex-
See also: ex, Ex, ex., and -ex
English
Alternative forms
- e-
Etymology
From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).
Prefix
ex-
- out of
- borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion
- outside
- ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior
- former, but still living (almost always used with a hyphen)
- ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife
- (biology) Lacking.
- excaudate, exstipulate
Usage notes
- Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
- Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.[1]
Synonyms
- (outside): out-, exo-, ecto-
- (former): then-
- (lacking): an-, -less, -free
Antonyms
- (outside): in-, intra-, en-/em-/im-, end-/endo-
Derived terms
- ex-directory
- exsert
English terms prefixed with ex-
Derived words without entries:
- ex-actor
- ex-athlete
- ex-Beatle
- ex-boss
- ex-CEO
- ex-CFO
- ex-Christian
- ex-colleague
- ex-consul
- ex-councillor
- ex-Czar
- ex-dictator
- ex-director
- ex-doctor
- ex-drummer
- ex-emperor
- ex-employee
- ex-fighter
- ex-fighter pilot
- ex-friend
- ex-governor
- ex-guitarist
- ex-Hindu
- ex-Jesuit
- ex-Jew
- ex-Jewish
- ex-judge
- ex-Kaiser
- ex-lover
- ex-manager
- ex-mayor
- ex-minister
- ex-Muslim
- ex-official
- ex-organ grinder
- ex-piano player
- ex-pilot
- ex-policeman
- ex-police officer
- ex-praetor
- ex-priest
- ex-programmer
- ex-scientist
- ex-Scientologist
- ex-senator
- ex-sergeant
- ex-soldier
- ex-statistician
- ex-student
Translations
former
|
See also
- e-
- ex
- extra-
References
- 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov
Further reading
- ex- at OneLook Dictionary Search
- “ex-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- “ex-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- “ex-”, in Collins English Dictionary.
- ex- in Britannica Dictionary
- “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.
- “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.
Anagrams
- XE, xe
Czech
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms
Czech terms prefixed with ex-
Further reading
- ex- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛks/
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former, but still living)
Derived terms
- ex
Dutch terms prefixed with ex-
French
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
- ex- + femme → ex-femme
Derived terms
French terms prefixed with ex-
Further reading
- “ex-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
- ex- (out)
Derived terms
German terms prefixed with ex-
Further reading
- “ex-” in Duden online
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛks]
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms
Hungarian nouns prefixed with ex-
Further reading
- ex- in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Italian
Prefix
ex-
- ex-
Latin
Alternative forms
- ē- (before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, or v)
- ec-, ef- (before f)
Etymology
The preposition ex, ē used in combination.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /eks/, [ɛks̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /eks/, [eks]
Prefix
ex-
- out, away
- ē- + veniō → ēveniō
- ex- + clāmō (“call, shout”) → exclāmō (“call out, exclaim”)
- ex- + eō (“go”) → exeō (“exit, depart”)
- throughout
- ē- + dormiō → ēdormiō
- ē- + pōtō (“drink”) → ēpōtō (“drink up”)
- (intensive) thoroughly
- ē- + dūrus → ēdūrō
- ex- + acuō → exacuō
- denoting achievement
- ex- + ōrō → exōrō
- ex- + pugnō (“battle, fight, combat”) → expugnō (“capture, conquer”)
- up
- ex- + aggerō → exaggerō
- ex- + struō (“pile, arrange”) → exstruō (“heap up, build up, construct”)
- denoting privation
- ex- + anima (“air, breath, soul, life”) → exanimō (“deprive of air, deprive of life”)
- ex- + sanguis (“blood”) → exsanguis (“deprived of blood, bloodless”)
Derived terms
Latin terms prefixed with ex-
Descendants
- French: é-
- Italian: s-, es-
- Old Occitan:
- Occitan: es-
- Portuguese: es-, ex-
- Sicilian: s- (before consonant), sc- (before vowel)
- Spanish: es-
References
- “ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Middle English
Alternative forms
- ef- (before f)
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
ex-
- privation
- ef- + flouren → efflouren
Derived terms
Middle English terms prefixed with ex-
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin ex.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈe(j)s/, /ˈe(j)ʃ/
- Homophones: ex, -ês, Es (without /j/), eis (with /j/)
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
Usage notes
Always used with a hyphen.
Derived terms
- ex
Portuguese terms prefixed with ex-
Slovak
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms
Slovak terms prefixed with ex-
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin ex.
Prefix
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms
Spanish terms prefixed with ex-
Further reading
- “ex-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Prefix
ex-
- ex-, former, past
Derived terms
Swedish terms prefixed with ex-