etiam
Interlingua
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin etiam.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈe.tsjam/
Adverb
etiam
- also, too
Latin
Alternative forms
- &̄ (abbreviation, medieval)
Etymology
From et (“and, also”) + iam (“now, already”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈe.ti.am/, [ˈɛt̪iä̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈet.t͡si.am/, [ˈɛt̪ː͡s̪iäm]
Audio (classical) (file)
Adverb
etiam (not comparable)
- (in general) and also, and furthermore, also, too, likewise, besides
- (in particular):
- (to annex a more important idea) and even, nay, even
- (frequently after negative sentences, for immo or potius) nay, rather, even
- (frequently with comparatives for the sake of intensity, in later Latin replaced by adhūc) yet, still
- (rare) with an adjective in the comparative degree, in contrast with that adjective’s own positive degree
- (with the demonstrative notion of the iam predominating, used as an affirmative) certainly, granted, by all means, yes indeed, yes
- (with the idea of time predominating) yet, as yet, even yet, still, even now
- (with negatives) not yet, never yet
- (in familiar language, in interrogations, especially when made indignantly) akin to what? pray?
- (in familiar language, with imperatives) again, once more
- in impatient questions
- (to annex a more important idea) and even, nay, even
Usage notes
Etiam annexes a fact or thought to that which has already been said.
Synonyms
- (in general: and also, too): quoque
Derived terms
- etiam atque etiam
- etiamdum
- etiamnum
- etiamnunc
- etiamsī
- etiamtum
- etiamtunc
Descendants
- Esperanto: eĉ
- Interlingua: etiam
- ⇒ Italian: eziandio
References
- “ĕtĭam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “etiam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- etiam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- more than once; repeatedly: semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam
- to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests: magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem
- there is this also to notice: atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est
- more than once; repeatedly: semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam
- etiam in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016