ethemba

Zulu

Alternative forms

themba

Verb

-ethémba

(intransitive) to hope, to trust
(intransitive) to have faith, to be confident
(transitive) to trust
(transitive) to anticipate, to expect

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukwethemba
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukwethemba	ukungethembi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yethemba	-ethembe
Plural	yethembani	-ethembeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyethemba, ngethemba	engethembayo, engethemba	ngethemba	angethembi	engingethembi	ngingethembi
2nd singular	uyethemba, wethemba	owethembayo, owethemba	wethemba	awethembi	ongethembi	ungethembi
1st plural	siyethemba, sethemba	esethembayo, esethemba	sethemba	asethembi	esingethembi	singethembi
2nd plural	niyethemba, nethemba	enethembayo, enethemba	nethemba	anethembi	eningethembi	ningethembi
Class 1	uyethemba, wethemba	owethembayo, owethemba	ethemba	akethembi	ongethembi	engethembi
Class 2	bayethemba, bethemba	abethembayo, abethemba	bethemba	abethembi	abangethembi	bengethembi
Class 3	uyethemba, wethemba	owethembayo, owethemba	wethemba	awethembi	ongethembi	ungethembi
Class 4	iyethemba, yethemba	eyethembayo, eyethemba	yethemba	ayethembi	engethembi	ingethembi
Class 5	liyethemba, lethemba	elethembayo, elethemba	lethemba	alethembi	elingethembi	lingethembi
Class 6	ayethemba, ethemba	ethembayo, ethemba	ethemba	awethembi	angethembi	engethembi
Class 7	siyethemba, sethemba	esethembayo, esethemba	sethemba	asethembi	esingethembi	singethembi
Class 8	ziyethemba, zethemba	ezethembayo, ezethemba	zethemba	azethembi	ezingethembi	zingethembi
Class 9	iyethemba, yethemba	eyethembayo, eyethemba	yethemba	ayethembi	engethembi	ingethembi
Class 10	ziyethemba, zethemba	ezethembayo, ezethemba	zethemba	azethembi	ezingethembi	zingethembi
Class 11	luyethemba, lwethemba	olwethembayo, olwethemba	lwethemba	alwethembi	olungethembi	lungethembi
Class 14	buyethemba, bethemba	obethembayo, obethemba	bethemba	abethembi	obungethembi	bungethembi
Class 15	kuyethemba, kwethemba	okwethembayo, okwethemba	kwethemba	akwethembi	okungethembi	kungethembi
Class 17	kuyethemba, kwethemba	okwethembayo, okwethemba	kwethemba	akwethembi	okungethembi	kungethembi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngethembile, ngethembē	engethembile, engethembē	ngethembile, ngethembē	angethembanga	engingethembanga	ngingethembanga
2nd singular	wethembile, wethembē	owethembile, owethembē	wethembile, wethembē	awethembanga	ongethembanga	ungethembanga
1st plural	sethembile, sethembē	esethembile, esethembē	sethembile, sethembē	asethembanga	esingethembanga	singethembanga
2nd plural	nethembile, nethembē	enethembile, enethembē	nethembile, nethembē	anethembanga	eningethembanga	ningethembanga
Class 1	wethembile, wethembē	owethembile, owethembē	ethembile, ethembē	akethembanga	ongethembanga	engethembanga
Class 2	bethembile, bethembē	abethembile, abethembē	bethembile, bethembē	abethembanga	abangethembanga	bengethembanga
Class 3	wethembile, wethembē	owethembile, owethembē	wethembile, wethembē	awethembanga	ongethembanga	ungethembanga
Class 4	yethembile, yethembē	eyethembile, eyethembē	yethembile, yethembē	ayethembanga	engethembanga	ingethembanga
Class 5	lethembile, lethembē	elethembile, elethembē	lethembile, lethembē	alethembanga	elingethembanga	lingethembanga
Class 6	ethembile, ethembē	ethembile, ethembē	ethembile, ethembē	awethembanga	angethembanga	engethembanga
Class 7	sethembile, sethembē	esethembile, esethembē	sethembile, sethembē	asethembanga	esingethembanga	singethembanga
Class 8	zethembile, zethembē	ezethembile, ezethembē	zethembile, zethembē	azethembanga	ezingethembanga	zingethembanga
Class 9	yethembile, yethembē	eyethembile, eyethembē	yethembile, yethembē	ayethembanga	engethembanga	ingethembanga
Class 10	zethembile, zethembē	ezethembile, ezethembē	zethembile, zethembē	azethembanga	ezingethembanga	zingethembanga
Class 11	lwethembile, lwethembē	olwethembile, olwethembē	lwethembile, lwethembē	alwethembanga	olungethembanga	lungethembanga
Class 14	bethembile, bethembē	obethembile, obethembē	bethembile, bethembē	abethembanga	obungethembanga	bungethembanga
Class 15	kwethembile, kwethembē	okwethembile, okwethembē	kwethembile, kwethembē	akwethembanga	okungethembanga	kungethembanga
Class 17	kwethembile, kwethembē	okwethembile, okwethembē	kwethembile, kwethembē	akwethembanga	okungethembanga	kungethembanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngēthemba	engēthemba	ngēthemba	angethembanga	engingethembanga	ngingethembanga
2nd singular	wēthemba	owēthemba	wēthemba	awethembanga	ongethembanga	ungethembanga
1st plural	sēthemba	esēthemba	sēthemba	asethembanga	esingethembanga	singethembanga
2nd plural	nēthemba	enēthemba	nēthemba	anethembanga	eningethembanga	ningethembanga
Class 1	wēthemba	owēthemba	ēthemba	akethembanga	ongethembanga	engethembanga
Class 2	bēthemba	abēthemba	bēthemba	abethembanga	abangethembanga	bengethembanga
Class 3	wēthemba	owēthemba	wēthemba	awethembanga	ongethembanga	ungethembanga
Class 4	yēthemba	eyēthemba	yēthemba	ayethembanga	engethembanga	ingethembanga
Class 5	lēthemba	elēthemba	lēthemba	alethembanga	elingethembanga	lingethembanga
Class 6	ēthemba	ēthemba	ēthemba	awethembanga	angethembanga	engethembanga
Class 7	sēthemba	esēthemba	sēthemba	asethembanga	esingethembanga	singethembanga
Class 8	zēthemba	ezēthemba	zēthemba	azethembanga	ezingethembanga	zingethembanga
Class 9	yēthemba	eyēthemba	yēthemba	ayethembanga	engethembanga	ingethembanga
Class 10	zēthemba	ezēthemba	zēthemba	azethembanga	ezingethembanga	zingethembanga
Class 11	lwēthemba	olwēthemba	lwēthemba	alwethembanga	olungethembanga	lungethembanga
Class 14	bēthemba	obēthemba	bēthemba	abethembanga	obungethembanga	bungethembanga
Class 15	kwēthemba	okwēthemba	kwēthemba	akwethembanga	okungethembanga	kungethembanga
Class 17	kwēthemba	okwēthemba	kwēthemba	akwethembanga	okungethembanga	kungethembanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingethemba	—	ngingethemba	ngingethembe	—	ngingethembe
2nd singular	ungethemba	—	ungethemba	ungethembe	—	ungethembe
1st plural	singethemba	—	singethemba	singethembe	—	singethembe
2nd plural	ningethemba	—	ningethemba	ningethembe	—	ningethembe
Class 1	angethemba	—	engethemba	angethembe	—	engethembe
Class 2	bangethemba	—	bengethemba	bangethembe	—	bengethembe
Class 3	ungethemba	—	ungethemba	ungethembe	—	ungethembe
Class 4	ingethemba	—	ingethemba	ingethembe	—	ingethembe
Class 5	lingethemba	—	lingethemba	lingethembe	—	lingethembe
Class 6	angethemba	—	engethemba	angethembe	—	engethembe
Class 7	singethemba	—	singethemba	singethembe	—	singethembe
Class 8	zingethemba	—	zingethemba	zingethembe	—	zingethembe
Class 9	ingethemba	—	ingethemba	ingethembe	—	ingethembe
Class 10	zingethemba	—	zingethemba	zingethembe	—	zingethembe
Class 11	lungethemba	—	lungethemba	lungethembe	—	lungethembe
Class 14	bungethemba	—	bungethemba	bungethembe	—	bungethembe
Class 15	kungethemba	—	kungethemba	kungethembe	—	kungethembe
Class 17	kungethemba	—	kungethemba	kungethembe	—	kungethembe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokwethemba	engizokwethemba	ngizokwethemba	angizukwethemba	engingezukwethemba	ngingezukwethemba
2nd singular	uzokwethemba	ozokwethemba	uzokwethemba	awuzukwethemba	ongezukwethemba	ungezukwethemba
1st plural	sizokwethemba	esizokwethemba	sizokwethemba	asizukwethemba	esingezukwethemba	singezukwethemba
2nd plural	nizokwethemba	enizokwethemba	nizokwethemba	anizukwethemba	eningezukwethemba	ningezukwethemba
Class 1	uzokwethemba	ozokwethemba	ezokwethemba	akazukwethemba	ongezukwethemba	engezukwethemba
Class 2	bazokwethemba	abazokwethemba	bezokwethemba	abazukwethemba	abangezukwethemba	bengezukwethemba
Class 3	uzokwethemba	ozokwethemba	uzokwethemba	awuzukwethemba	ongezukwethemba	ungezukwethemba
Class 4	izokwethemba	ezokwethemba	izokwethemba	ayizukwethemba	engezukwethemba	ingezukwethemba
Class 5	lizokwethemba	elizokwethemba	lizokwethemba	alizukwethemba	elingezukwethemba	lingezukwethemba
Class 6	azokwethemba	azokwethemba	ezokwethemba	awazukwethemba	angezukwethemba	engezukwethemba
Class 7	sizokwethemba	esizokwethemba	sizokwethemba	asizukwethemba	esingezukwethemba	singezukwethemba
Class 8	zizokwethemba	ezizokwethemba	zizokwethemba	azizukwethemba	ezingezukwethemba	zingezukwethemba
Class 9	izokwethemba	ezokwethemba	izokwethemba	ayizukwethemba	engezukwethemba	ingezukwethemba
Class 10	zizokwethemba	ezizokwethemba	zizokwethemba	azizukwethemba	ezingezukwethemba	zingezukwethemba
Class 11	luzokwethemba	oluzokwethemba	luzokwethemba	aluzukwethemba	olungezukwethemba	lungezukwethemba
Class 14	buzokwethemba	obuzokwethemba	buzokwethemba	abuzukwethemba	obungezukwethemba	bungezukwethemba
Class 15	kuzokwethemba	okuzokwethemba	kuzokwethemba	akuzukwethemba	okungezukwethemba	kungezukwethemba
Class 17	kuzokwethemba	okuzokwethemba	kuzokwethemba	akuzukwethemba	okungezukwethemba	kungezukwethemba
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokwethemba	engiyokwethemba	ngiyokwethemba	angiyukwethemba	engingeyukwethemba	ngingeyukwethemba
2nd singular	uyokwethemba	oyokwethemba	uyokwethemba	awuyukwethemba	ongeyukwethemba	ungeyukwethemba
1st plural	siyokwethemba	esiyokwethemba	siyokwethemba	asiyukwethemba	esingeyukwethemba	singeyukwethemba
2nd plural	niyokwethemba	eniyokwethemba	niyokwethemba	aniyukwethemba	eningeyukwethemba	ningeyukwethemba
Class 1	uyokwethemba	oyokwethemba	eyokwethemba	akayukwethemba	ongeyukwethemba	engeyukwethemba
Class 2	bayokwethemba	abayokwethemba	beyokwethemba	abayukwethemba	abangeyukwethemba	bengeyukwethemba
Class 3	uyokwethemba	oyokwethemba	uyokwethemba	awuyukwethemba	ongeyukwethemba	ungeyukwethemba
Class 4	iyokwethemba	eyokwethemba	iyokwethemba	ayiyukwethemba	engeyukwethemba	ingeyukwethemba
Class 5	liyokwethemba	eliyokwethemba	liyokwethemba	aliyukwethemba	elingeyukwethemba	lingeyukwethemba
Class 6	ayokwethemba	ayokwethemba	eyokwethemba	awayukwethemba	angeyukwethemba	engeyukwethemba
Class 7	siyokwethemba	esiyokwethemba	siyokwethemba	asiyukwethemba	esingeyukwethemba	singeyukwethemba
Class 8	ziyokwethemba	eziyokwethemba	ziyokwethemba	aziyukwethemba	ezingeyukwethemba	zingeyukwethemba
Class 9	iyokwethemba	eyokwethemba	iyokwethemba	ayiyukwethemba	engeyukwethemba	ingeyukwethemba
Class 10	ziyokwethemba	eziyokwethemba	ziyokwethemba	aziyukwethemba	ezingeyukwethemba	zingeyukwethemba
Class 11	luyokwethemba	oluyokwethemba	luyokwethemba	aluyukwethemba	olungeyukwethemba	lungeyukwethemba
Class 14	buyokwethemba	obuyokwethemba	buyokwethemba	abuyukwethemba	obungeyukwethemba	bungeyukwethemba
Class 15	kuyokwethemba	okuyokwethemba	kuyokwethemba	akuyukwethemba	okungeyukwethemba	kungeyukwethemba
Class 17	kuyokwethemba	okuyokwethemba	kuyokwethemba	akuyukwethemba	okungeyukwethemba	kungeyukwethemba
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngethembe	ngingethembi
2nd singular	wethembe	ungethembi
1st plural	sethembe	singethembi
2nd plural	nethembe	ningethembi
Class 1	ethembe	angethembi
Class 2	bethembe	bangethembi
Class 3	wethembe	ungethembi
Class 4	yethembe	ingethembi
Class 5	lethembe	lingethembi
Class 6	ethembe	angethembi
Class 7	sethembe	singethembi
Class 8	zethembe	zingethembi
Class 9	yethembe	ingethembi
Class 10	zethembe	zingethembi
Class 11	lwethembe	lungethembi
Class 14	bethembe	bungethembi
Class 15	kwethembe	kungethembi
Class 17	kwethembe	kungethembi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngethemba	ngangethemba, angethemba, angangethemba
2nd singular	wethemba	wangethemba, awethemba, awangethemba
1st plural	sethemba	sangethemba, asethemba, asangethemba
2nd plural	nethemba	nangethemba, anethemba, anangethemba
Class 1	wethemba	wangethemba, akethemba, akangethemba
Class 2	bethemba	bangethemba, abethemba, abangethemba
Class 3	wethemba	wangethemba, awethemba, awangethemba
Class 4	yethemba	yangethemba, ayethemba, ayangethemba
Class 5	lethemba	langethemba, alethemba, alangethemba
Class 6	ethemba	angethemba, awethemba, awangethemba
Class 7	sethemba	sangethemba, asethemba, asangethemba
Class 8	zethemba	zangethemba, azethemba, azangethemba
Class 9	yethemba	yangethemba, ayethemba, ayangethemba
Class 10	zethemba	zangethemba, azethemba, azangethemba
Class 11	lwethemba	lwangethemba, alwethemba, alwangethemba
Class 14	bethemba	bangethemba, abethemba, abangethemba
Class 15	kwethemba	kwangethemba, akwethemba, akwangethemba
Class 17	kwethemba	kwangethemba, akwethemba, akwangethemba

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ethemba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethemba (3.2.9)”