estouffler
Old French
Etymology
From ex + touffer, a word from Latin typhus and ultimately Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “steam, vapor”), from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰ-, extended form of *dʰew- (“scatter like dust”).
Verb
estouffler
- (of the wind) to blow
- to fill with air
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of estouffler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estouffler | avoir estoufflé | |||||
gerund | en estoufflant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | estoufflant | ||||||
past participle | estoufflé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | estouffle | estouffles | estouffle | estoufflons | estoufflez | estoufflent |
imperfect | estouffloie, estouffleie, estouffloe, estouffleve | estouffloies, estouffleies, estouffloes, estouffleves | estouffloit, estouffleit, estoufflot, estouffleve | estouffliiens, estouffliens | estouffliiez, estouffliez | estouffloient, estouffleient, estouffloent, estoufflevent | |
preterite | estoufflai | estoufflas | estouffla | estoufflames | estoufflastes | estoufflerent | |
future | estoufflerai | estouffleras | estoufflera | estoufflerons | estouffleroiz, estoufflereiz, estoufflerez | estouffleront | |
conditional | estouffleroie, estoufflereie | estouffleroies, estoufflereies | estouffleroit, estoufflereit | estouffleriiens, estouffleriens | estouffleriiez, estouffleriez | estouffleroient, estoufflereient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | estouffle | estouffles | estouffle | estoufflons | estoufflez | estoufflent |
imperfect | estoufflasse | estoufflasses | estoufflast | estoufflissons, estoufflissiens | estoufflissoiz, estoufflissez, estoufflissiez | estoufflassent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | estouffle | — | estoufflons | estoufflez | — |
Descendants
- French: étouffer