estofar
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /əs.toˈfa/
- (Central) IPA(key): /əs.tuˈfa/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /es.toˈfaɾ/
Etymology 1
From estofa + -ar, if not directly from Old French estoffer (“to decorate”).
Verb
estofar (first-person singular present estofo, past participle estofat)
- (art) to apply gesso to wood before gilding
- (art) to apply tempura to gilding to create the appearance of brocaded fabric
Derived terms
- estofat
Etymology 2
From Old Catalan estubar (“to steam”), from Vulgar Latin *extūpare. Perhaps influenced in form by Italian stufare.
Verb
estofar (first-person singular present estofo, past participle estofat)
- to stew
Derived terms
- estofat
Conjugation
Conjugation of estofar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | estofar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | estofant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | estofat | estofada | |||||
| plural | estofats | estofades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | estofo | estofes | estofa | estofem | estofeu | estofen | |
| imperfect | estofava | estofaves | estofava | estofàvem | estofàveu | estofaven | |
| future | estofaré | estofaràs | estofarà | estofarem | estofareu | estofaran | |
| preterite | estofí | estofares | estofà | estofàrem | estofàreu | estofaren | |
| conditional | estofaria | estofaries | estofaria | estofaríem | estofaríeu | estofarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | estofi | estofis | estofi | estofem | estofeu | estofin | |
| imperfect | estofés | estofessis | estofés | estoféssim | estoféssiu | estofessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | estofa | estofi | estofem | estofeu | estofin | ||
Further reading
- “estofar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Occitan
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
estofar
- to choke (prevent breathing)
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estofar | aver estofat | |||||
| gerund | estofant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estofat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | estofi | estofas | estofa | estofam | estofatz | estofan | |
| imperfect | estofavi | estofavas | estofava | estofàvem | estofàvetz | estofavan | |
| preterite | estofèri | estofères | estofèt | estofèrem | estofèretz | estofèron | |
| future | estofarai | estofaràs | estofarà | estofarem | estofaretz | estofaràn | |
| conditional | estofariái | estofariás | estofariá | estofariam | estofariatz | estofarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | estofèra | estofèras | estofèra | estoferam | estoferatz | estofèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | estofe | estofes | estofe | estofem | estofetz | estofen | |
| imperfect | estofèssi | estofèsses | estofèsse | estofèssem | estofèssetz | estofèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| estofa | estofem | estofatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estofar | aver estofat | |||||
| gerund | estofant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estofat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | estofe | estofes | estofa | estofam | estofatz | estofon | |
| imperfect | estofave | estofaves | estofava | estofaviam | estofaviatz | estofavon | |
| preterite | estofere | estoferes | estofet | estofem | estofetz | estoferon | |
| future | estofarai | estofaràs | estofará | estofarem | estofaretz | estofarán | |
| conditional | estofariá | estofariás | estofariá | estofariam | estofariatz | estofarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | estofèra | estofèras | estofèra | estoferam | estoferatz | estofèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | estofe | estofes | estofe | estofassiam | estofassiatz | estofon | |
| imperfect | estofesse | estofesses | estofesse | estofessiam | estofessiatz | estofesson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| estofa | estofassiam | estofatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estofar | aver estofat | |||||
| gerund | estofant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estofat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | estofi | estofas | estofa | estofam | estofatz | estofan | |
| imperfect | estofavi | estofavas | estofava | estofàvam | estofàvatz | estofavan | |
| preterite | estofèi | estofès | estofè | estofèm | estofètz | estofèn | |
| future | estofarèi | estofaràs | estofarà | estofaram | estofaratz | estofaràn | |
| conditional | estofarí | estofarés | estofaré | estofarem | estofaretz | estofarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | estofèra | estofèras | estofèra | estoferam | estoferatz | estofèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | estofi | estofes | estofe | estofem | estofetz | estofen | |
| imperfect | estofèssi | estofèsses | estofèsse | estofèssem | estofèssetz | estofèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| estofa | estofem | estofatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estofar | aver estofat | |||||
| gerund | estofant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estofat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | estofe | estofas | estofa | estofam | estofatz | estofan | |
| imperfect | estofava | estofavas | estofava | estofàvam | estofàvatz | estofavan | |
| preterite | estofei | estoferas | estofet | estofèram | estofèratz | estoferan | |
| future | estofarai | estofaràs | estofará | estofarem | estofaretz | estofarán | |
| conditional | estofariá | estofariàs | estofariá | estofariam | estofariatz | estofarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | estofèra | estofèras | estofèra | estoferam | estoferatz | estofèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | estofe | estofes | estofe | estofem | estofetz | estofen | |
| imperfect | estofèsse | estofèsses | estofèsse | estofèssem | estofèssetz | estofèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| estofa | estofem | estofatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estofar | aver estofat | |||||
| gerund | estofant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | estofat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | estofe | estofes | estofa | estofam | estofatz | estofan | |
| imperfect | estofavi | estofavas | estofava | estofàvem | estofàvetz | estofavan | |
| preterite | estofère | estofères | estofèt | estoferiam | estoferiatz | estofèron | |
| future | estofarai | estofaràs | estofarà | estofarem | estofaretz | estofaràn | |
| conditional | estofariáu | estofariás | estofariá | estofariam | estofariatz | estofarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | estofèra | estofèras | estofèra | estoferam | estoferatz | estofèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | estofe | estofes | estofe | estofem | estofetz | estofan | |
| imperfect | estofèsse | estofèsses | estofèsse | estofessiam | estofessiatz | estofèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| estofa | estofem | estofatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Spanish
Etymology
From estofa + -ar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /estoˈfaɾ/ [es.t̪oˈfaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧to‧far
Verb
estofar (first-person singular present estofo, first-person singular preterite estofé, past participle estofado)
- (transitive) to stew
Conjugation
Conjugation of estofar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | estofar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | estofando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | estofado | estofada | |||||
| plural | estofados | estofadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | estofo | estofastú estofásvos | estofa | estofamos | estofáis | estofan | |
| imperfect | estofaba | estofabas | estofaba | estofábamos | estofabais | estofaban | |
| preterite | estofé | estofaste | estofó | estofamos | estofasteis | estofaron | |
| future | estofaré | estofarás | estofará | estofaremos | estofaréis | estofarán | |
| conditional | estofaría | estofarías | estofaría | estofaríamos | estofaríais | estofarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | estofe | estofestú estofésvos2 | estofe | estofemos | estoféis | estofen | |
| imperfect (ra) | estofara | estofaras | estofara | estofáramos | estofarais | estofaran | |
| imperfect (se) | estofase | estofases | estofase | estofásemos | estofaseis | estofasen | |
| future1 | estofare | estofares | estofare | estofáremos | estofareis | estofaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | estofatú estofávos | estofe | estofemos | estofad | estofen | ||
| negative | no estofes | no estofe | no estofemos | no estoféis | no estofen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of estofar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive estofar | |||||||
| dative | estofarme | estofarte | estofarle, estofarse | estofarnos | estofaros | estofarles, estofarse | |
| accusative | estofarme | estofarte | estofarlo, estofarla, estofarse | estofarnos | estofaros | estofarlos, estofarlas, estofarse | |
| with gerund estofando | |||||||
| dative | estofándome | estofándote | estofándole, estofándose | estofándonos | estofándoos | estofándoles, estofándose | |
| accusative | estofándome | estofándote | estofándolo, estofándola, estofándose | estofándonos | estofándoos | estofándolos, estofándolas, estofándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative estofa | |||||||
| dative | estófame | estófate | estófale | estófanos | not used | estófales | |
| accusative | estófame | estófate | estófalo, estófala | estófanos | not used | estófalos, estófalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative estofá | |||||||
| dative | estofame | estofate | estofale | estofanos | not used | estofales | |
| accusative | estofame | estofate | estofalo, estofala | estofanos | not used | estofalos, estofalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative estofe | |||||||
| dative | estófeme | not used | estófele, estófese | estófenos | not used | estófeles | |
| accusative | estófeme | not used | estófelo, estófela, estófese | estófenos | not used | estófelos, estófelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative estofemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | estofémoste | estofémosle | estofémonos | estofémoos | estofémosles | |
| accusative | not used | estofémoste | estofémoslo, estofémosla | estofémonos | estofémoos | estofémoslos, estofémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative estofad | |||||||
| dative | estofadme | not used | estofadle | estofadnos | estofaos | estofadles | |
| accusative | estofadme | not used | estofadlo, estofadla | estofadnos | estofaos | estofadlos, estofadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative estofen | |||||||
| dative | estófenme | not used | estófenle | estófennos | not used | estófenles, estófense | |
| accusative | estófenme | not used | estófenlo, estófenla | estófennos | not used | estófenlos, estófenlas, estófense | |
Further reading
- “estofar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014