este
English
Noun
este (usually uncountable, plural estes)
- Alternative form of est
Anagrams
- Sète, Tees, see't, stee, tees
Aragonese
Alternative forms
- iste
Etymology
From Latin iste (“that”). Cognate to Spanish este (“this”).
Determiner
este
- this
Asturian
Etymology
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).
Noun
este m (plural estes)
- east
Catalan
Etymology
Ultimately from Latin iste. Cf. Spanish este.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈes.tə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/
Determiner
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estos, feminine plural estes)
- (Valencia) this
Related terms
- aquest
Pronoun
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estos, feminine plural estes)
- (Valencia) this (one), (in the plural) these (ones)
See also
Grade | determiner | pronoun | locative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | near | aquest, este1 | açò2, ço1 | ací1 |
2nd | neutral | aqueix1, eixe1 | això | aquí, ahí2 |
3rd | remote | aquell | allò | allà, allí |
1) Dialectal, archaic in other dialects 2) Valencian |
Corsican
Alternative forms
- est
Etymology
Borrowed from French est. Cognates include Italian est and Spanish este.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛste/
- Hyphenation: es‧te
Noun
este m (uncountable)
- east
References
- “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Creek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪst̪ɪ/
Noun
este (plural estvlke)
- person
Elfdalian
Noun
este
- indefinite dative singular of est
Finnish
Etymology
estää + -e
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈesteˣ/, [ˈe̞s̠t̪e̞(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -este
- Syllabification(key): es‧te
Noun
este
- obstacle, barrier, hindrance, obstruction, impediment
- avioliiton este ― impediment to marriage
- excuse
- pätevä este ― valid excuse
- (athletics) hurdle
Declension
Inflection of este (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | este | esteet | |
genitive | esteen | esteiden esteitten | |
partitive | estettä | esteitä | |
illative | esteeseen | esteisiin esteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | este | esteet | |
accusative | nom. | este | esteet |
gen. | esteen | ||
genitive | esteen | esteiden esteitten | |
partitive | estettä | esteitä | |
inessive | esteessä | esteissä | |
elative | esteestä | esteistä | |
illative | esteeseen | esteisiin esteihin | |
adessive | esteellä | esteillä | |
ablative | esteeltä | esteiltä | |
allative | esteelle | esteille | |
essive | esteenä | esteinä | |
translative | esteeksi | esteiksi | |
instructive | — | estein | |
abessive | esteettä | esteittä | |
comitative | — | esteineen |
Possessive forms of este (type hame) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | esteeni | esteemme |
2nd person | esteesi | esteenne |
3rd person | esteensä |
Derived terms
- adjectives: esteellinen, esteetön
Compounds
- estejuoksu
- esteratsastus
Related terms
- esto
- estyä
- estää
Anagrams
- Seet, seet, tees
Galician
Alternative forms
- iste
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese este, from Latin iste.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈestɪ]
Determiner
este m (feminine singular esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto)
- this
- Este libro é meu ― This book is mine
References
- “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “este” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Further reading
- “este” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- estve (folksy, archaic)
Etymology
The adverb sense is from the former est (“evening”) + -vel (“with”) (a derivation similar to reggel or tavasszal). First the final -l wore off and the adverb estve (“in the evening”) was used for a long time[1] (still in use today in dialects), later the -v was dropped. The noun sense became independent from the compound word napeste (“the fall of the sun”). The noun est is from the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) + -t (noun-forming suffix). The es- stem is from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʃtɛ]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: es‧te
- Rhymes: -tɛ
Adverb
este (not comparable)
- in the evening (from approximately 6 p.m. until going to bed; depends on working hours, daylight length, etc.)
Usage notes
Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
---|---|
no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) | nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
-kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
-ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
Noun
este (plural esték)
- evening
- Synonym: (currently used in a narrower sense) est
Declension
For the terminative, estig is the most common form.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | este | esték |
accusative | estét | estéket |
dative | estének | estéknek |
instrumental | estével | estékkel |
causal-final | estéért | estékért |
translative | estévé | estékké |
terminative | estéig | estékig |
essive-formal | esteként | estékként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | estében | estékben |
superessive | estén | estéken |
adessive | esténél | estéknél |
illative | estébe | estékbe |
sublative | estére | estékre |
allative | estéhez | estékhez |
elative | estéből | estékből |
delative | estéről | estékről |
ablative | estétől | estéktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular | estéé | estéké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | estééi | estékéi |
Possessive forms of este | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | estém | estéim |
2nd person sing. | estéd | estéid |
3rd person sing. | estéje | estéi |
1st person plural | esténk | estéink |
2nd person plural | estétek | estéitek |
3rd person plural | estéjük | estéik |
Derived terms
- esteledik
- esténként
- karácsonyeste
- szenteste
- csap egy görbe estét
- estéről estére
References
- Compare Az estve (’The Evening’) by Mihály Csokonai (1794), with English translation
- este in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading
- (evening): este in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Karelian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Compare Finnish este.
Noun
este (genitive estien, partitive estettu)
- obstacle
Latin
Etymology 1
Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeːs.te/, [ˈeːs̠t̪ɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]
Verb
ēste
- second-person plural present active imperative of edō
Etymology 2
Form of the verb sum (“I am”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛs̠t̪ɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]
Verb
este
- second-person plural present active imperative of sum
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English ēst, from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz.
Alternative forms
- est
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛːst(ə)/, /ˈeːst(ə)/
Noun
este (plural estes or esten)
- grace, est, favour
- pleasure, enjoyment, fun
- delicacy, delicious food
Descendants
- English: est, este (obsolete)
References
- “ēste, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
Adjective
este
- good, pleasant
References
- “ēste, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
Noun
este
- Alternative form of heste (“directive”)
Mirandese
Etymology
From Latin iste.
Pronoun
este m (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)
- this
Synonyms
- aqueste
See also
Mirandese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este, aqueste | esta, aquesta | estes, aquestes | estas, aquestas | isto, aquisto | eiqui, acá |
de + X | deste, daqueste | desta, daquesta | destes, daquestes | destas, daquestas | disto, daquisto | deiqui | |
an + X | neste, naqueste | nesta, naquesta | nestes, naquestes | nestas, naquestas | nisto, naquisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse, aquesse | essa, aquessa | esses, aquesses | essas, aquessas | isso, aquisso | alhi, eilhi |
de + X | desse, daquesse | dessa, daquessa | desses, daquesses | dessas, daquessas | disso, daquisso | dalhi, deilhi | |
an + X | nesse, naquesse | nessa, naquessa | nesses, naquesses | nessas, naquessas | nisso, naquisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquel | aqueilha | aqueilhes | aqueilhas | aqueilho, aquilho | alhi, alhá |
de + X | daquel | daqueilha | daqueilhes | daqueilhas | daqueilho, daquilho | dalhi, dalhá | |
an + X | naquel | naqueilha | naqueilhes | naqueilhas | naqueilho, naquilho | — |
Portuguese
Etymology 1
Borrowed from French est,[1][2] from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.t͡ʃi/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈɛʃ.t͡ʃi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.te/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈɛʃ.t(ɨ)/
Audio (Brazil - São Paulo) (file) - Hyphenation: es‧te
Noun
este m (uncountable)
- east (one of the four principal compass points)
- Synonyms: leste, nascente, oriente
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
Coordinate terms
- (compass points) ponto cardeal;
noroeste | norte | nordeste |
oeste poente ocidente | leste este nascente oriente | |
sudoeste | sul | sudeste |
Adjective
este m or f (plural estes)
- eastern (of, situated in, or coming from the east)
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
Synonyms
- eoo (archaic), leste, oriental
Etymology 2
From Old Portuguese este (displacing collateral form aqueste), from Latin iste.
Alternative forms
- êste (superseded)
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈes.t͡ʃi/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈeʃ.t͡ʃi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈeʃ.t(ɨ)/
- (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈeʃ.tɪ/
- Hyphenation: es‧te
Determiner
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)
- this (indicates something or someone nearby)
- that (indicates something or someone just mentioned)
- this (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
- (of a unit of time) this (which is current)
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 127:
- A segurança está cem vezes mais rigorosa este verão.
- The security is a hundred times more severe this summer.
-
Pronoun
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto) (definite demonstrative pronoun)
- this one (indicates something or someone nearby)
- this one (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
- (of a unit of time) this (which is current)
Usage notes
In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, this word is very often replaced by esse, both as a determiner and as a pronoun.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
See also
Portuguese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este | esta | estes | estas | isto | aqui, cá |
de + X | deste | desta | destes | destas | disto | daqui | |
em + X | neste | nesta | nestes | nestas | nisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse | essa | esses | essas | isso | aí |
de + X | desse | dessa | desses | dessas | disso | daí | |
em + X | nesse | nessa | nesses | nessas | nisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquele | aquela | aqueles | aquelas | aquilo | ali, lá |
de + X | daquele | daquela | daqueles | daquelas | daquilo | dali | |
em + X | naquele | naquela | naqueles | naquelas | naquilo | — | |
a + X | àquele | àquela | àqueles | àquelas | àquilo | ||
Anaphoric | X | o | a | os | as | — | — |
de + X | do | da | dos | das | |||
em + X | no | na | nos | nas | |||
a + X | ao | à | aos | às |
References
- “este” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “este” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Romanian
Alternative forms
- есте (Post-1930s (Moldavian) Cyrillic spelling)
Etymology
From Latin est with an epenthetic vowel, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Its similarity to Serbo-Croatian jeste is partially a coincidence.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjes.te/
- Rhymes: -este
- Hyphenation: es‧te
Verb
este
- third-person singular present indicative of fi: he/she is
- Ea este o femeie foarte frumoasă.
- She is a very beautiful woman.
- Ea este o femeie foarte frumoasă.
Synonyms
- e
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈeste/ [ˈes.t̪e]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -este
- Syllabification: es‧te
Etymology 1
From Latin iste.
Determiner
este m sg (feminine esta, masculine plural estos, feminine plural estas)
- this
Pronoun
este m sg (demonstrative, feminine esta, neuter esto, feminine plural estas, masculine plural estos, neuter plural estos)
- Alternative spelling of éste
Usage notes
- The unaccented form can function as a pronoun if it can be unambiguously deduced as such from context.
Coordinate terms
- esta
- estas
- esto
- estos
- ese
- esa
- eso
- esas
- esos
- aquel
- aquella
- aquello
- aquellas
- aquellos
Derived terms
- este último
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Interjection
este
- uh, well (space filler in a conversation)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”), therefore related to English east and Spanish Austria.
Noun
este m (uncountable)
- east
- Synonym: oriente
- Antonyms: oeste, occidente
Coordinate terms
- norte
- sur
See also
- oriental
Further reading
- “este”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Anagrams
- tese
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: es‧te
- IPA(key): /ˈʔeste/, [ˈʔes.te]
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Spanish este (“"uh", "um"; interjection/phrase filler”).
Particle
este
- I mean
- Pupunta ako sa panaderya, este, restawran.
- I am going to the bakery, I mean, the restaurant.
- Pupunta ako sa panaderya, este, restawran.
Derived terms
- este-este
- umeste
Etymology 2
From Spanish este (“east”).
Noun
este
- east (compass point)
- Synonyms: silangan, oryente
- Antonyms: kanluran, oksidente, oeste
Coordinate terms
hilagang kanluran norweste | hilaga norte | hilagang silangan nordeste |
oksidente kanluran oeste | oryente silangan este | |
salatan/sur oeste timog-kanluran | sur timog | sur este timog-silangan |
Derived terms
- Este
Related terms
- norte
- oeste
- sur
Further reading
- “este”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
Zazaki
Etymology
Related to Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) (asthi)
Noun
este ?
- bone