establir
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir, Italian stabilire, and archaic Spanish establir.
Verb
establir (first-person singular present estableixo, past participle establert)
- to establish
- to ascertain
Conjugation
Conjugation of establir (third conjugation with -eix- infix, irregular past participle)
| infinitive | establir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | establint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | establert | establerta | |||||
| plural | establerts | establertes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | estableixo | estableixes | estableix | establim | establiu | estableixen | |
| imperfect | establia | establies | establia | establíem | establíeu | establien | |
| future | establiré | establiràs | establirà | establirem | establireu | establiran | |
| preterite | establí | establires | establí | establírem | establíreu | establiren | |
| conditional | establiria | establiries | establiria | establiríem | establiríeu | establirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | estableixi | estableixis | estableixi | establim | establiu | estableixin | |
| imperfect | establís | establissis | establís | establíssim | establíssiu | establissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | estableix | estableixi | establim | establiu | estableixin | ||
Synonyms
- basar
- fonamentar
Derived terms
- establiment
- restablir
Further reading
- “establir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “establir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “establir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “establir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan establir, from Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō.
Pronunciation
Audio (Béarn) (file)
Verb
establir
- to establish
Conjugation
Conjugation of establir in 
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | establir | ?er establit | |||||
| past participle | establit | — | |||||
| gerund | establissent | ?ent establit | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | establissi | establisses | establís | establissèm | establissètz | establisson | |
| imperfect | establissiái | establissiás | establissiá | establissiam | establissiatz | establissián | |
| preterite | establiguèri | establiguères | establiguèt | establiguèrem | establiguèretz | establiguèron | |
| future | establirai | establiràs | establirà | establirem | establiretz | establiràn | |
| conditional | establiriái | establiriás | establiriá | establiriam | establiriatz | establirián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | establiguèra | establiguèras | establiguèra | establigueram | establigueratz | establiguèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | establisca | establiscas | establisca | establiscam | establiscatz | establiscan | |
| imperfect | establiguèsse | establiguèsses | establiguèsse | establiguèssem | establiguèssetz | establiguèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| establís | establiscam | establissetz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Derived terms
- establiment
Old French
Etymology
From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Italian stabilire.
Verb
establir
- to establish
- circa 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:
- Apres les dous establisent la terce
- After the first two, they established a third
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of establir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | establir | avoir establi | |||||
| gerund | en establissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | establissant | ||||||
| past participle | establi | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | establis | establis | establist | establissons | establissez | establissent |
| imperfect | establissoie, establisseie | establissoies, establisseies | establissoit, establisseit | establissiiens, establissiens | establissiiez, establissiez | establissoient, establisseient | |
| preterite | establi | establis | establi | establimes | establistes | establirent | |
| future | establirai | establiras | establira | establirons | establiroiz, establireiz, establirez | establiront | |
| conditional | establiroie, establireie | establiroies, establireies | establiroit, establireit | establiriiens, establiriens | establiriiez, establiriez | establiroient, establireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | establisse | establisses | establisse | establissons | establissez | establissent |
| imperfect | establisse | establisses | establist | establissons, establissiens | establissoiz, establissez, establissiez | establissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | establis | — | establissons | establissez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: établir
- Norman: êtablyi
- → Middle English: establen
- Scots: estabill
- → Middle English: stablen, stable, stabli, stabelen, stabile, stabilen, stabil, stabille, stabul, stabulle (e- elided)
- English: stable
- Scots: stabil, stabill, stable
- → Middle English: establissen, establishen (via stem form establiss-)
- English: establish
- → Scots: estaiblish
- Scots: establis, establish
- English: establish
- → Middle English: stablishen (via stem form establiss-, e- elided)
- English: stablish
- Scots: stablis, stablish
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir and Italian stabilire.
Verb
establir (first-person singular present establo, first-person singular preterite establí, past participle establido)
- (archaic) to establish
Conjugation
Conjugation of establir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | establir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | establiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | establido | establida | |||||
| plural | establidos | establidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | establo | establestú establísvos | estable | establimos | establís | establen | |
| imperfect | establía | establías | establía | establíamos | establíais | establían | |
| preterite | establí | establiste | establió | establimos | establisteis | establieron | |
| future | establiré | establirás | establirá | establiremos | establiréis | establirán | |
| conditional | establiría | establirías | establiría | establiríamos | establiríais | establirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | establa | establastú establásvos2 | establa | establamos | establáis | establan | |
| imperfect (ra) | establiera | establieras | establiera | establiéramos | establierais | establieran | |
| imperfect (se) | establiese | establieses | establiese | establiésemos | establieseis | establiesen | |
| future1 | establiere | establieres | establiere | establiéremos | establiereis | establieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | establetú establívos | establa | establamos | establid | establan | ||
| negative | no establas | no establa | no establamos | no establáis | no establan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of establir
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive establir | |||||||
| dative | establirme | establirte | establirle, establirse | establirnos | establiros | establirles, establirse | |
| accusative | establirme | establirte | establirlo, establirla, establirse | establirnos | establiros | establirlos, establirlas, establirse | |
| with gerund establiendo | |||||||
| dative | establiéndome | establiéndote | establiéndole, establiéndose | establiéndonos | establiéndoos | establiéndoles, establiéndose | |
| accusative | establiéndome | establiéndote | establiéndolo, establiéndola, establiéndose | establiéndonos | establiéndoos | establiéndolos, establiéndolas, establiéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative estable | |||||||
| dative | estábleme | estáblete | estáblele | estáblenos | not used | estábleles | |
| accusative | estábleme | estáblete | estáblelo, estáblela | estáblenos | not used | estáblelos, estáblelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative establí | |||||||
| dative | establime | establite | establile | establinos | not used | establiles | |
| accusative | establime | establite | establilo, establila | establinos | not used | establilos, establilas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative establa | |||||||
| dative | estáblame | not used | estáblale, estáblase | estáblanos | not used | estáblales | |
| accusative | estáblame | not used | estáblalo, estáblala, estáblase | estáblanos | not used | estáblalos, estáblalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative establamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | establámoste | establámosle | establámonos | establámoos | establámosles | |
| accusative | not used | establámoste | establámoslo, establámosla | establámonos | establámoos | establámoslos, establámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative establid | |||||||
| dative | establidme | not used | establidle | establidnos | establíos | establidles | |
| accusative | establidme | not used | establidlo, establidla | establidnos | establíos | establidlos, establidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative establan | |||||||
| dative | estáblanme | not used | estáblanle | estáblannos | not used | estáblanles, estáblanse | |
| accusative | estáblanme | not used | estáblanlo, estáblanla | estáblannos | not used | estáblanlos, estáblanlas, estáblanse | |
Further reading
- “establir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014