est
Translingual
Symbol
est
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛst/
- Rhymes: -ɛst
Etymology 1
From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour, grace, liberality, munificence, bounty, kindness, love, good pleasure, harmony, liberal gifts, luxuries”), from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”). Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”). More at own.
Alternative forms
- este
Noun
est (usually uncountable, plural ests)
- (obsolete) Grace; favour.
Alternative forms
- est.
Adjective
est (not comparable)
- Abbreviation of established.
- 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits (page 49)
- Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker
- 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits (page 49)
Derived terms
- re-est
Alternative forms
- EST, Est
Proper noun
est
- Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.
Anagrams
- ETS, ETs, SET, STE, Set, StE, Ste, Ste., TEs, TSE, Tse, set, seṭ, tse
Aromanian
Alternative forms
- hiu, escu
Verb
est (third person present singular indicative esti, past participle fute)
- I am.
Conjugation
| past participle | fute | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| mini | tini | nes, nese, el | noi | voi | nesh, nesi, ei / eyi, eli | |
| present | est | esht | esti | him | hits | sent |
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈest/
Audio (file)
Noun
est m (uncountable)
- east
- a l'est del país
- in the east of the country
Synonyms
- orient, llevant
See also
(compass points) punt cardinal;
| nord-oest (n-occ) | nord (sept) | nord-est (n-or) |
| oest (occ) |  | est (or) |
| sud-oest (s-occ) | sud (mer) | sud-est (s-or) |
Further reading
- “est” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “est”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “est” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “est” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cornish
Etymology
From English east.
Noun
est m
- east
Synonyms
- howldrehevel
- howldrevel
Antonyms
- gorlewin
- howlsedhes
- west
Derived terms
- north-est (“north-east”)
- soth-est (“south-east”)
Corsican
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛst/
- Hyphenation: est
Noun
est m (uncountable)
- Alternative form of este
References
- “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛsd̥]
Verb
est
- (archaic-verb-form) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
- 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19
- Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...
- Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...
- Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...
- 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152
- Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!
- I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!
- Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!
- 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19
Elfdalian
Etymology
From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.
Noun
est m
- horse
Declension
| masculine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | est | estn | ester | estär |
| accusative | est | estn | esta | estą |
| dative | este | estem | estum | estum(e) |
| genitive | - | estemes | - | estumes |
French
Etymology 1
From Old French, from Old English ēast.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛst/
- Rhymes: -ɛst
Adjective
est (invariable)
- east
Noun
est m (uncountable)
- east
Derived terms
- Grand Est
- heure normale de l'est
Descendants
- → Asturian: este
- → Catalan: est
- → Corsican: este, est
- → Galician: leste
- → Italian: est
- → Occitan: èst
- → Portuguese: este, → leste
- → Romanian: est
- → Spanish: este
Synonyms
- orient, levant
Etymology 2
From Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison) /ɛ.t‿/, (in liaison) /e.t‿/
- Homophones: aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es (general), haie, haies, hais, hait (aspirated)
Verb
est
- third-person singular present indicative of être
Alternative forms
- êt (obsolete)
Derived terms
- c'est
Further reading
- “est”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- set, Ste., tes
Hungarian
Etymology
From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) + -t (noun-forming suffix).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʃt]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛʃt
Noun
est (plural estek)
- (archaic) evening, eve
- Synonym: este
- (literary, by extension) recital, party (in the evening)
- műsoros est ― an evening with entertainment
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | est | estek |
| accusative | estet | esteket |
| dative | estnek | esteknek |
| instrumental | esttel | estekkel |
| causal-final | estért | estekért |
| translative | estté | estekké |
| terminative | estig | estekig |
| essive-formal | estként | estekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | estben | estekben |
| superessive | esten | esteken |
| adessive | estnél | esteknél |
| illative | estbe | estekbe |
| sublative | estre | estekre |
| allative | esthez | estekhez |
| elative | estből | estekből |
| delative | estről | estekről |
| ablative | esttől | estektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | esté | esteké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | estéi | estekéi |
| Possessive forms of est | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | estem | estjeim |
| 2nd person sing. | ested | estjeid |
| 3rd person sing. | estje | estjei |
| 1st person plural | estünk | estjeink |
| 2nd person plural | estetek | estjeitek |
| 3rd person plural | estjük | estjeik |
Derived terms
- esti
- estike
- dalest
- emlékest
- estebéd
- estharang
- estidő
- fogadóest
- karácsonyest
- kultúrest
- táncest
References
- est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
- est in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (’Explanatory Dictionary Plus’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN
Further reading
- est in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛst/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛst
- Hyphenation: èst
Noun
est m (invariable)
- east
- Synonyms: oriente, levante
See also
- (compass points) punto cardinale;
| From Latin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
| From Germanic | |||||||||
|
Anagrams
- 'ste, set
Latin
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /astiy/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛs̠t̪]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]
Verb
est
- third-person singular present active indicative of sum
- Marcus agricola est. ― "Marcus is a farmer."
- Est senex. ― "He is old."
- Est puella in vīllā. ― "There is a girl in the villa."
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:est.
Derived terms
- quid est nomen tibi?
- mihi nomen est
Descendants
- Asturian: ye
- Catalan: és
- French: est
- Galician: é
- Italian: è
- Portuguese: é
- Romanian: este, e
- Sardinian: est
- Spanish: es
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti; form of the verb edō (“I eat”). Cognate with Russian есть (jestʹ), Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /eːst/, [eːs̠t̪]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]
Verb
ēst
- third-person singular present active indicative of edō
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.66-67:
- Ēst mollis flamma medullās
intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.- A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.
- A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
- Ēst mollis flamma medullās
Synonyms
- edit
References
- “est”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Ligurian
Noun
est m (please provide plural)
- east (cardinal point)
Middle English
Alternative forms
- æst, este, eest, east, easte
Etymology
From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-Germanic *austrą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛːst/
Noun
est
- east, easternness
- A location to the south; the south
- The Orient
Coordinate terms
- (compass point): north, south, west
Related terms
- esturne
- estward
Descendants
- English: east
- → Cornish: est
- Scots: aist, eist
References
- “ēst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
Adverb
est
- To the east, eastwards, eastbound
- From the east, eastern
- In the east
Descendants
- English: east
- Scots: aist, eist
Middle French
Verb
est
- third-person singular present indicative of estre
Norman
Alternative forms
- êt (continental Normandy)
- êst (Jersey)
Etymology
From Old French, from Old English ēast.
Noun
est m (uncountable)
- (Guernsey, Sark) east
Old English
Alternative forms
- ǣst
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnaną (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”). Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favour”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eːst/
Noun
ēst m or f (nominative plural ēste)
- consent, grace, favor; kindness
- pleasure
Declension
- Masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ēst | ēstas |
| accusative | ēst | ēstas |
| genitive | ēstes | ēsta |
| dative | ēste | ēstum |
- Feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ēst | ēste, ēsta |
| accusative | ēst, ēste | ēste, ēsta |
| genitive | ēste | ēsta |
| dative | ēste | ēstum |
Synonyms
- ār, āre
Descendants
- Middle English: este
- English: est, este (obsolete)
Old French
Alternative forms
- ẽ
Verb
est
- third-person singular present indicative of estre
Old Norse
Verb
est
- second-person singular present active indicative of vera
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.
Noun
est n (uncountable)
- east
Declension
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
| nominative/accusative | (un) est | estul |
| genitive/dative | (unui) est | estului |
| vocative | estule | |
Synonyms
- orient
- răsărit
Coordinate terms
- (compass points) punct cardinal;
| nord-vest | nord (miazănoapte) | nord-est |
| vest (apus) | | est (răsărit) |
| sud-vest | sud (miazăzi) | sud-est |
Further reading
- est in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Sardinian
Etymology
From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈest/
Verb
est
- third-person singular present indicative of èssere
Scots
Alternative forms
- aest
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eːst/, /øst/
Noun
est (uncountable)
- (Orkney) envy
Verb
est (third-person singular simple present ests, present participle estan, simple past ested, past participle ested)
- (Orkney) To envy.
References
- “est, n. and v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Noun
est c
- Estonian; a person from Estonia
Declension
| Declension of est | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | est | esten | ester | esterna |
| Genitive | ests | estens | esters | esternas |
See also
- estländsk
- estniska
- estnisk
Anagrams
- Set, set, tes
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /eːsd/, [eːst], /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
- Rhymes: -ɛsd
Verb
est
- second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd
Synonyms
- aethost (literary)