esser
See also: Esser, ésser, èsser, and èssér
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /əˈsə/
- (Central) IPA(key): /əˈsɛ/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /eˈseɾ/
Verb
esser (first-person singular present sóc, past participle estat)
- (regional) Alternative form of ésser
Interlingua
Etymology
From Latin sum (French être, Italian essere, Portuguese ser, and Spanish ser).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /esˈser/
Verb
esser
- to be
- 2012, Panorama in Interlingua, September-October, p. 24:
- Le anno passate 46 milliones statouniteses esseva povre.
- Last year 46 million U.S. Americans were poor.
- 2012, Panorama in Interlingua, September-October, p. 24:
Conjugation
Conjugation of esser
infinitive | esser | ||
---|---|---|---|
participle | present | perfect | |
essente | essite | ||
active | simple | perfect | |
present | esse, es | ha essite | |
past | esseva, era | habeva essite | |
future | essera, sera | habera essite | |
conditional | esserea, serea | haberea essite | |
imperative | esse, sia |
- This conjugation also has present plural son, which normally does not exists in other verbs. First-person singular so and first-person plural somos also exists but rarely used.
Noun
esser (plural esseres)
- being
Italian
Verb
esser (apocopated)
- Apocopic form of essere
Anagrams
- Serse, resse
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
esser n
- (non-standard since 1984) indefinite plural of ess
Old French
Verb
esser
- (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of eiser
References
eiser in Anglo-Norman Dictionary, Aberystwyth University, 2022
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latin sum.
Verb
esser
- to be
- La Nobla Leyçon, line 352
- Que crestian devon esser
- That we must be Christian
- Que crestian devon esser
- La Nobla Leyçon, line 352
Conjugation
Conjugation of esser
infinitive | esser | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | essen | ||||||
past participle | estat | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el/ela | nos | vos | il/elas | |
present | soi | est | es | em esmes | etz es | son sunt | |
imperfect | era | eras | era | eram | eratz | eran eron | |
future | serai | seras | sera | serem | seretz | seran | |
preterite | fui | fust | fon | fom | fotz | foron | |
first conditional | seria | serias | seria | seriam | seriatz | serian | |
second conditional | fora | foras | fora | foram | foratz | foran | |
subjunctive | ieu | tu | el/ela | nos | vos | il/elas | |
present | sia | sias | sia | siam | siatz | sian sion | |
past | fos | fosses | fos | fossem | fossetz | fosson | |
imperative | — | tu | — | nos | vos | — | |
— | sia | — | siam | siatz | — | ||
Descendants
- Occitan: èsser
Romansch
Alternative forms
- (Sutsilvan) easser
Etymology
From Latin sum.
Verb
esser
- (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) to be
Conjugation
Conjugation of esser (Sursilvan)
infinitive | esser | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | essend | |||||
past participle | stau | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | sun | eis | ei | essan | essas | ein |
imperfect | erel, fuvel | eras, fuvas | era, fuva | eran, fuvan | eras, fuvas | eran, fuvan |
future | vegnel a esser | vegns a esser | vegn a esser | vegnin a esser | vegnis a esser | vegnan a esser |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
direct present | fuss | fusses | fuss | fussen | fusses | fussen |
indirect present | fussi | fussies | fussi | fussien | fussies | fussien |
direct future | vegness a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegness a esser | vegnessen a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegnessen a esser |
indirect future | vegnessi a esser | vegnessies a esser | vegnessi a esser | vegnessien a esser | vegnessies a esser | vegnessien a esser |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | seigi | seigies | seigi | seigien | seigies | seigien |
past | eri, fuvi | eries, fuvies | eri, fuvi | erien, fuvien | eries, fuvies | erien, fuvien |
future | vegni a esser | vegnies a esser | vegni a esser | vegnîen a esser | vegnîes a esser | vegnien a esser |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
seigies | seigies |
Conjugation of esser (Grischun)
infinitive | esser | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | essend, siond | |||||
past participle | stà | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | sun | es | è | essan | essas | èn |
imperfect | era | eras | era | eran | eras | eran |
future | vegnel a esser | vegns a esser | vegn a esser | vegnin a esser | vegnis a esser | vegnan a esser |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | fiss | fisses | fiss | fissen | fisses | fissen |
future | vegness a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegness a esser | vegnessen a esser | vegnesses a esser | vegnessen a esser |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | saja | sajas | saja | sajan | sajas | sajan |
future | vegni a esser | vegnies a esser | vegni a esser | vegnîen a esser | vegnîes a esser | vegnien a esser |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
sajas | sajas |