esmaier

esmaier

Old French

Alternative forms

• emaier, desmaier

Etymology

Probably from Vulgar Latin *exmagāre (“deprive of power or strength”), from ex- + *magare (“to enable; empower”), from Frankish *magan, *mugan (“to be able”), from Proto-Germanic *maganą. Compare Old Occitan esmaiar, Portuguese esmagar, Spanish amagar.

Verb

esmaier

1. (reflexive, s'esmaier) to be frightened; to be scared
2. (transitive) to frighten; to scare

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of esmaier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		esmaier			avoir esmaié
gerund		en esmaiant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		esmaiant
past participle		esmaié
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	esmai	esmaies	esmaie	esmaions	esmaiez	esmaient
	imperfect	esmaioie, esmaieie, esmaioe, esmaieve	esmaioies, esmaieies, esmaioes, esmaieves	esmaioit, esmaieit, esmaiot, esmaieve	esmaiiiens, esmaiiens	esmaiiiez, esmaiiez	esmaioient, esmaieient, esmaioent, esmaievent
	preterite	esmaiai	esmaias	esmaia	esmaiames	esmaiastes	esmaierent
	future	esmaierai	esmaieras	esmaiera	esmaierons	esmaieroiz, esmaiereiz, esmaierez	esmaieront
	conditional	esmaieroie, esmaiereie	esmaieroies, esmaiereies	esmaieroit, esmaiereit	esmaieriiens, esmaieriens	esmaieriiez, esmaieriez	esmaieroient, esmaiereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	esmai	esmais	esmait	esmaions	esmaiez	esmaient
	imperfect	esmaiasse	esmaiasses	esmaiast	esmaiissons, esmaiissiens	esmaiissoiz, esmaiissez, esmaiissiez	esmaiassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	esmaie	—	esmaions	esmaiez	—

Descendants

• → Middle English: amayen
  • English: amay
• ⇒ Old French: esmai
  • Middle French: esmoy
    • French: émoi
• ⇒ Old French: desmaier
  • → Portuguese: desmaiar
  • → Spanish: desmayar
  • ⇒ Anglo-Norman: *desmaiier
    • → Middle English: dismayen
      • English: dismay

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (esmaier)
• esmaier on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub