esed
Latin
Verb
esed
- Early Latin form of erit / esset / estō
- 5th century BC, Lapis Niger:
- […]𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌏𐌔𐌄𐌔𐌄𐌃[…]
- […]SAKROSESED[…]
- he shall be cursed / it is holy / let it be sacred
- 5th century BC, Lapis Niger:
References
- Dorothy Mae Robathan (1950) The Monuments of Ancient Rome, page 59: “(sacer esto?)”
- Athenaeum, 1964, page 437: “esed pour erit”
- Einar Gjerstad, editor (1966) Les Origines de la Republique romaine, page 316: “Die zeitgenössische Parallele des Lapis niger (quoi, homce, iouxmenta, aisid [aere], esed [erit], iovestod [iusto]) […] ”
- Oswald John Louis Szemerényi, P. Considine, and J. T. Hooker, editors (1987) Scripta Minora: Selected Essays in Indo-European, Greek, and Latin, page 925: “ESED=erit”
- The Indo-European Languages, 1998, page 269: “sakros = sacer, esed = esset”
- Carlo Pavia (2000) Guida di Roma Sotterranea, page 113: “in latino classico, ovvero “Qui hunc (locum violaverit manibus) sacer esto […]””
- Mariangela Monaca and Ennio Sanzi, editors (2002) Temi e Problemi della Storia delle Religioni nell’Europa Contemporanea, page 129: “sakros esed (sacer esto)”
- Harro Stammerjohann, editor (2009) Lexicon Grammaticorum: A Bio-Bibliographical Companion to the History of Linguistics, page 276: “sacer < *sakros, erit < *es-ed”
- Olga Tellegen-Couperus, editor (2011) Law and Religion in the Roman Republic, pages 20 and 25:
- This is perfectly good archaic Latin for sacer erit, ‘he shall be cursed’ or ‘he must be cursed’, which is to be understood as “dedicated to a certain god, forfeited to a certain deity”. In archaic Roman law, we mostly find the expression sacer esto rather than sacer erit. […] The clause sacer esto in the inscription belonging to the lapis niger was also a penalty for someone who desecrated a religious spot.
- Katherine McDonald (2015) Oscan in Southern Italy and Sicily, page 176: “The Lapis Niger also contains the verb esed, which may represent an earlier form of the Latin future erit or an imperfect subjunctive esset, either of which could also be used to express a prescription.”
- John North Hopkins (2016) The Genesis of Roman Architecture, page 52: “The words “sakros es/ed”—probably equivalent to “sacros esto,” […] ”
Middle English
Verb
esed
- simple past/past participle of esen