escumer

escumer

Middle French

Verb

escumer

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • a. 1580, Michel de Montaigne, Essais:

     Et les passent noz maistres en escumant, ou, ne les osant pas seulement taster, se jettent d'abordée dans la franchise de la coustume, où ils s'enflent et triomphent à bon compte.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of escumer

infinitive	simple	escumer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	escumant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		escumé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	escume	escumes	escume	escumons	escumez	escument
	imperfect	escumois, escumoys	escumois, escumoys	escumoit, escumoyt	escumions, escumyons	escumiez, escumyez	escumoient, escumoyent
	past historic	escuma	escumas	escuma	escumasmes	escumastes	escumerent
	future	escumerai, escumeray	escumeras	escumera	escumerons	escumerez	escumeront
	conditional	escumerois, escumeroys	escumerois, escumeroys	escumeroit, escumeroyt	escumerions, escumeryons	escumeriez, escumeryez	escumeroient, escumeroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	escume	escumes	escume	escumons	escumez	escument
	imperfect	escumasse	escumasses	escumast	escumassions	escumassiez	escumassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	escume	—	escumons	escumez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: écumer

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Old French

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *skew- (“to cover, conceal”).

Verb

escumer

1. to dribble (allow saliva to leave the mouth)
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     Seles vuident, chevalier tument,
     Li cheval suent et escument.

     They emptied saddles, knights were falling
     The horses were sweating and dribbling

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of escumer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		escumer			avoir escumé
gerund		en escumant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		escumant
past participle		escumé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	escum	escumes	escume	escumons	escumez	escument
	imperfect	escumoie, escumeie, escumoe, escumeve	escumoies, escumeies, escumoes, escumeves	escumoit, escumeit, escumot, escumeve	escumiiens, escumiens	escumiiez, escumiez	escumoient, escumeient, escumoent, escumevent
	preterite	escumai	escumas	escuma	escumames	escumastes	escumerent
	future	escumerai	escumeras	escumera	escumerons	escumeroiz, escumereiz, escumerez	escumeront
	conditional	escumeroie, escumereie	escumeroies, escumereies	escumeroit, escumereit	escumeriiens, escumeriens	escumeriiez, escumeriez	escumeroient, escumereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	escum	escuns	escunt	escumons	escumez	escument
	imperfect	escumasse	escumasses	escumast	escumissons, escumissiens	escumissoiz, escumissez, escumissiez	escumassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	escume	—	escumons	escumez	—

Descendants

• French: écumer