esca
See also: ESCA, ésca, and -esca
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛskə/
Etymology 1
From Latin ēsca (“bait”).
Noun
esca (plural escae)
- (ichthyology) The fleshy growth from an anglerfish's head that acts as a lure for its prey.
- (phytopathology) A fungal disease afflicting grapes.
Synonyms
- (anglerfish growth): illicium
- (fungal disease): black measles
Translations
growth on anglerfish's head
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Etymology 2
From Galician escá, from Hispanic Late Latin scala (“bowl”) attested in Isidore of Seville, probably from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *skēlō (“bowl”). Cognate with German Schale and Dutch schaal.
Noun
esca (plural escas)
- (historical) A traditional Galician unit of dry measure, equivalent to about 6–9 L depending on the substance measured.
- (historical) A kind of measuring cup once used for measuring escas of grain.
Coordinate terms
- (unit of dry volume): cuartillo (1/12 esca), cunca (⅙ esca), ferrado (2 escas), fanega (10 escas)
Anagrams
- ACEs, ASCE, Aces, CASE, Case, Ceas, SCEA, aces, aesc, case, æsc
Asturian
Alternative forms
- yesca
Etymology
From Latin ēsca.
Noun
esca f (plural esques)
- tinder (dry plants used to light a fire)
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin ēsca.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /ˈəs.kə/
- (Central) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.kə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈes.ka/
Noun
esca f (plural esques)
- tinder (dry plants used to light a fire)
- bait (substance used in catching fish)
Synonyms
- (bait): esquer
Derived terms
- escar
Further reading
- “esca” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esca” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Alternative forms
- isca
Etymology
Circa 1300. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese, from Latin ēsca.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈeska̝/
Noun
esca f (plural escas)
- tinder (dry plants used to light a fire)
- c1300, R. Martínez López, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 220:
- y achou cõ aquel arco hum estormento, et seu esqueyro, et sua ysca, et seu pedernal em el
- there he found, together with that bow, a tinderbox, with its lighter, its tinder, and its flint inside it
- y achou cõ aquel arco hum estormento, et seu esqueyro, et sua ysca, et seu pedernal em el
- c1300, R. Martínez López, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 220:
- bait
Derived terms
- chisqueiro
- esqueiro
References
- “ysca” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “ysca” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “esca” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “esca” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “esca” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Italian
Etymology 1
From Latin ēsca.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈe.ska/
- Rhymes: -eska
- Hyphenation: é‧sca
Noun
esca f (plural esche)
- (obsolete) (animal) food
- (obsolete, uncommon, also figurative) food
- bait, lure (anything used to catch animals)
- (figurative) bait, lure (anything that allures or attracts)
- (figurative) decoy
- tinder
Derived terms
- adescare
- inescare
- innescare
Further reading
- esca in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛ.ska/
- Rhymes: -ɛska
- Hyphenation: è‧sca
Verb
esca
- inflection of uscire:
- first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Anagrams
- asce, case, seca
Latin
Alternative forms
- isca (Medieval Latin)
Etymology
For Proto-Italic *ēsskā, Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēd-s-keh₂, from *h₁ed- (“eat”), the root of edō (“eat”). Judging by Lithuanian ėskà (“food, fodder”), the long vowel is of PIE origin, but despite this often cited as an example of Lachmann's lengthening.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeːs.ka/, [ˈeːs̠kä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.ka/, [ˈɛskä]
Noun
ēsca f (genitive ēscae); first declension
- (collective) food
- Synonyms: cibus, alimentum, vīctus, cibāria
- an individual serving, a dish
- Synonyms: ferculum, epulum
- (collective) fodder
- Synonym: pābulum
- (collective) bait
- (collective) fuel, esp. firewood
- Synonyms: māteria, nūtrīmentum
- (collective) kindling, tinder
- Synonyms: fōmentum, nūtrīmentum
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ēsca | ēscae |
| Genitive | ēscae | ēscārum |
| Dative | ēscae | ēscīs |
| Accusative | ēscam | ēscās |
| Ablative | ēscā | ēscīs |
| Vocative | ēsca | ēscae |
- An archaic/dialectal form of the genitive singular, ēscās (for the classically usual ēscae) is cited by Priscian from Livius Andronicus.
Derived terms
- ēscō(r)
- ēscālis
- ēscārius
- ēscātilis
- ēscifer
- ēsculentus
- adēscō
- inēscō
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: eascã, iascã, yeascã, iasche
- Romanian: iască
- → Albanian: eshkë
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: esca
- Sicilian: isca
- → Greek: ίσκα (íska)
- Padanian:
- Friulian: lescje
- Lombard: lisca
- Romansch: estga, escha
- Venetian: esca, lésca
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: esche
- French: esche, aiche, èche
- Old French: esche
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: esca
- Catalan: esca
- Occitan: esca
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: esca, yesca
- Leonese: hisca
- Old Portuguese:
- Galician: esca, isca
- Portuguese: isca
- Spanish: yesca
- Borrowings:
- → English: esca
- → Spanish: esca
References
- “ēsca” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “edō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- "ėska" in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė
Further reading
- “esca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “esca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- esca in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- esca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin ēsca[1]. Compare the inherited doublet yesca.
Noun
esca f (plural escas)
- (dated) bait (substance used in catching fish)
- Synonym: cebo
Related terms
- yesca
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “esca”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014