es

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"

Translingual

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of Spanish español

Symbol

es

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Spanish.

Symbol

es

(radio slang) a synonym for "and"
WX HR COLD ES RAINY
The weather here is cold & rainy.

English

Noun

es (plural esses)

Alternative form of ess (letter 's') in compounds such as "es-hook".

Etymology 2

e +‎ -s.

Noun

es

(rare) Alternative form of e's.

Verb

es (be)

Pronunciation spelling of is.

Noun

es (plural eses)

The name of the Cyrillic script letter С / с.

Anagrams

-se, SE, Se., se, se.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch est, variant of eest, from Middle Dutch eeste (also este).

Noun

es (plural esse)

fireplace
Synonym: vuurherd

Alemannic German

Pronunciation

(Zurich) IPA^(key): /əs/, /ɛs/

Article

es n

neuter of en: a/an
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
  Das isch September vor eme Jar gsi.

Declension

Declension of en
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative/accusative	en	e	es	-
dative	emene	enere	emene	-

Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Etymology 2

From Middle High German ëʒ, from Old High German iʒ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

es n

(personal) it

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
2nd person singular	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Aragonese

Pronoun

es

them (masculine direct object)

Synonyms

los

Arin

Alternative forms

eš

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔes (“God, sky”). Compare Kott ēš, eš (“God, sky”), Assan aš-parán (“sky”); ös, eš (“God”); öš, eč (“God, sky”) and Pumpokol eč (“sky”).

Noun

es

God
sky

Aromanian

Alternative forms

esu, ies, iesu

Etymology

From Latin exeō. Compare Daco-Romanian ieși, ies.

Verb

es (third-person singular present indicative easi or ease, past participle ishitã)

I leave, exit, go out.
(of the sun, moon) rise
(figuratively) I defecate.

Related terms

ishiri / ishire
ishit
ishitã
ishitor

Assan

Alternative forms

eš

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔes (“God, sky”). Compare Kott ēš, eš (“God, sky”), Arin eš (“God, sky”) and Pumpokol eč (“sky”).

Noun

es

God

Synonyms

ečāl
eš
ēš

Bavarian

Etymology 1

Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

es

it (nominative)
Synonym: des

Usage notes

The usage of es is mainly impersonal. When referring to a noun, the form des is preferred.

Pronoun

es

Alternative spelling of eß (“you”, plural)

Catalan

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /əs/
(Valencian) IPA^(key): /es/

Etymology 1

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

es (proclitic, contracted s', enclitic se, contracted enclitic 's)

himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
oneself (direct or indirect object)
themselves (direct or indirect object)
each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

es is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

From Latin ipse.

Alternative forms

so

Article

es m sg (feminine sa, masculine plural es, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)

(Balearics) the

Usage notes

In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.

Noun

es

plural of e

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

'z (Luserna)
is, 's

Etymology

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

es

(Sette Comuni) it

Inflection

Cimbrian personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative
1st person singular		ich	mich	miar
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich	diar
2nd person singular	polite	iart	ach	òich
3rd person singular	m	èar, ar	in, en	iime
	f	zi, ze		iar
	n	es, is	es, 's	iime
1st person plural		bar, bandare	zich	izàndarn
2nd person plural		iart, iartàndare, artàndare	òich, ach	ogàndarn
3rd person plural		ze, zòi, zandare	zich	innàndarn

References

“es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛs]

Noun

es n

The name of the Latin-script letter S.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛs]

Noun

es n

genitive singular of eso
nominative plural of eso
accusative plural of eso
vocative plural of eso

Danish

Noun

es n (singular definite esset, plural indefinite esser)

(card games) ace
Jeg har alle esserne.
I have all the aces.

Declension

Declension of es

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	es	esset	esser	esserne
genitive	ess	essets	essers	essernes

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch essche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz.

Compare West Frisian esk, English ash, German Esche, Danish ask, compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʿi).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Homophone: Esch

Noun

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus

Alternative forms

esch (obsolete)

Derived terms

essenstoof

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs

Noun

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

(music) E-flat

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əs/
Hyphenation: es

Adverb

es

(informal, dialectal) Alternative form of eens (“once”)
Kom es hier ― Come over here (for a second).

Etymology 4

From Middle Dutch esche. Compare German Esch. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs

Noun

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

A tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet.
Synonym: enk

Alternative forms

esch (obsolete)

Finnish

Etymology

From German Es (German key notation).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification^(key): es

Noun

es

(music) E-flat

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

Inflection of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		es	esit
genitive		esin	esien
partitive		esiä	esejä
illative		esiin	eseihin
		singular	plural
nominative		es	esit
accusative	nom.	es	esit
accusative	gen.	esin	esit
genitive		esin	esien
partitive		esiä	esejä
inessive		esissä	eseissä
elative		esistä	eseistä
illative		esiin	eseihin
adessive		esillä	eseillä
ablative		esiltä	eseiltä
allative		esille	eseille
essive		esinä	eseinä
translative		esiksi	eseiksi
instructive		—	esein
abessive		esittä	eseittä
comitative		—	eseineen

Possessive forms of es (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	esini	esimme
2nd person	esisi	esinne
3rd person	esinsä

Anagrams

se

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison) /ɛ.z‿/, (in liaison) /e.z‿/
Audio (file)
Homophones: ai, aie, aies, aient, ait, est, hais, hait

Verb

es

second-person singular present indicative of être

Anagrams

SE, se

Fuyug

Noun

es (plural esing)

child

References

Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)

Galician

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Verb

es

second-person singular present indicative of ser

German

Alternative forms

's (chiefly informal or poetic)
-'s

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
audio (file)

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ëz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-Germanic *it. Compare English it.

Pronoun

es n

The third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer neuter nouns in the nominative and accusative cases — it (referring to things), he or him (with reference to male creatures, people etc. that are grammatically neuter), she or her (with reference to female creatures, people etc. that are grammatically neuter), or they or them (with reference to creatures, people etc. of unknown gender that are grammatically neuter)
Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. ― Where's the book? It’s on the table.
Wo ist das Kind? Ich habe es. ― Where is the child? I have it.
Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß. ― What color is the horse? It is white.
Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten. ― I remarked a strange bearded individual and decided to keep an eye on him.
Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde. ― The girl didn’t know that she was being observed.
Jedes Vorstandsmitglied kann das Wort ergreifen, wenn es dies wünscht. ― Any board member may take the floor if they so wish.
- 1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Das dicke Kind:
  Das Kind sagte nichts und sah mich mit seinen kühlen Augen an. Dann war es fort.
  The child said nothing and looked at me with her cold eyes. Then she was gone.
Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it
Das kannes nicht geben. ― This is nothing that could possibly exist.
Sie begann zu laufen, und ich tat es auch. ― She started to run, and so did I. (literally, “She began to run, and I did it also.”)
Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. ― There was once a beautiful princess.
Es ist gut zu leben! ― It's good to be alive!
Es regnet. ― It’s raining.
Es ist sicher, dass morgen die Sonne scheinen wird. ― It's certain that the sun will shine tomorrow.
Wie geht es dir? ― How are you doing?
Ich bin es, Michael. ― It's me, Michael.
Es spielt das Fernsehorchester. ― The television orchestra is playing.
Sie wird es noch weit bringen. ― She is going to go far.

Usage notes

As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.

Declension

German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	singular					plural			singular and plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir mir³	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr⁴
genitive	meiner mein⁴	deiner dein⁴	seiner sein⁴	ihrer	seiner sein⁴	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer⁴
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch⁴
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch⁴

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic, colloquial ³dialectal ⁴archaic

Derived terms

Es
-'s
by the German spelling reform of 1996: gehts, nimms, wenns

Article

es n

(regional, colloquial) Alternative form of das
Soll ich es Fenster zumachen?
Should I close the window?

Usage notes

The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese este. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.

Pronoun

es

this

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əs, es/

Pronoun

es

it

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Icelandic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛːs/
Rhymes: -ɛːs

Noun

es n (genitive singular ess, nominative plural es)

(music) E flat

Declension

declension of es

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
n-s	singular		plural
nominative	es	esið	es	esin
accusative	es	esið	es	esin
dative	esi	esinu	esum	esunum
genitive	ess	essins	esa	esanna

Related terms

e
eses
as
ces
des
fes
ges

Ido

Etymology

By assimilation with English is, French es, Italian essere, Spanish es.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛs/

Verb

es

Apocopic form of esas
Me es hike pro ke lu volis lo. ― I am here because he wanted me here.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch ijs, from Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/
Rhymes: -ɛs, -s
Hyphenation: ès

Noun

ès (plural es-es, first-person possessive esku, second-person possessive esmu, third-person possessive esnya)

ice

Alternative forms

ais (Malaysia, Singapore)

Derived terms

es bantut
es batu
es bening
es brenibon
es buah campolai
es buah hunkue
es buah tap
es campur
es caruk
es cendol
es cendol kopi
es doger
es goyang
es goyobod
es hanyut
es kering
es kolang-kaling
es krim
es krim Neapolitan
es laksmana mengamuk
es lekat
es lilin
es loder
es mambo
es oyen
es pisang ijo
es podeng
es potong
es puter
es rumput laut
es saguer
es sekoteng
es selasih
es selendang mayang
es serpihan
es serut
es tebak
es teh tarik
es teler

lemari es

Interlingua

Verb

es

present indicative of esser: is, are, am

Kabuverdianu

Etymology 1

From Portuguese eles.

Pronoun

es

they

Etymology 2

From Portuguese este.

Pronoun

es

this

Latgalian

Alternative forms

(archaic) as

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈæs]
Hyphenation: es

Pronoun

es

I

Declension

Declension of es

	singular	plural
nominative	es	mes
genitive	mane, mani	myusu
dative	maņ	mums
accusative	mani	myus
locative	manī	myusūs

References

Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

Latin

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs]

Noun

es f (indeclinable)

The name of the letter S.

Usage notes

Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabic s, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε (isse).

Coordinate terms

(Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Etymology 2

Form of the verb sum (“am”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs]

Verb

es

second-person singular present active indicative of sum ("thou art"); ("you are") (singular)
second-person singular present active imperative of sum ("be!")

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:es.

Etymology 3

Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /eːs/, [eːs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [ɛs]

Verb

ēs

second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of edō

Synonyms

edis

Latvian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ (from *éǵh₂). The non-nominative forms derive from Proto-Indo-European dependent stem *me- (the a instead of e in the Baltic languages appears to result from Iranian influence): reduplicated *me-me- → *mene → Proto-Baltic genitive/accusative *mane → *manen (by analogy with other accusatives) → *manens (by analogy with other genitives) → genitive manis, while *manen → accusative mani. Dative man comes from an older *mani. Instrumental variant manim imitates the nominal i-stem paradigm. Cognates include Lithuanian aš (archaic eš), Old Prussian es, as, Sudovian as, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ (Old Church Slavonic азъ (azŭ), Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian я (ja), Bulgarian аз (az), Czech já (from jaz), Polish ja (from jaz)), Proto-Germanic *ekan, *ek (Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik), Old Norse ek, Old High German ih, German ich, Old English ic, English I), Hittite [script needed] (uk), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨‎ (azəm), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Ossetian ӕз (æz).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛs]

(file)

Pronoun

es (personal, 1st person singular)

I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Es te dzīvoju. ― I live here.
Viņš mani sastapa ceļā. ― He met me on the road.
Atnāc pie manis! ― Come to me (to my place)!
Nāc ar mani dejot! ― Come dance with me!
Man nav laika. ― I don't have time. (lit. There is no time to me.)

Usage notes

The dative form manim is used only optionally, with prepositions.

Declension

declension of es

nominative (nominatīvs)	es
accusative (akuzatīvs)	mani
genitive (ģenitīvs)	manis
dative (datīvs)	man (manim)
instrumental (instrumentālis)	mani
locative (lokatīvs)	manī

Related terms

manējs

Noun

es m (invariable)

I, ego (the essence of a person)
mans es ― my I, my ego
Runātājs izcēla savu es. ― The speaker highlighted his I, his ego.
Briesmīgi nezināt nekā un just tikai sevi, savu es. ― It is terrible to know and feel nothing except oneself, one's I.
Cilvēks var pierādīt savu vērtību, apliecināt savu “es” tikai darbā. ― A person can prove their worth, testify their “I”, only in (their) work.

Etymology 2

A cross-linguistically frequent way of naming this sound, and the respective letter.

Noun

es m (invariable)

The Latvian name of the Latin script letter S/s.

References

Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “es”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Middle Dutch

Pronoun

es

genitive of hi
genitive of het

Verb

es

Alternative form of is; third-person singular present indicative of wēsen

Middle English

Determiner

es

Alternative form of his (“his”)

Pronoun

es

Alternative form of his (“his”)

Pronoun

es

Alternative form of his (“her”)

Verb

es

Alternative form of is (“is”)

Middle French

Etymology 1

Old French es ("[you] are").

Verb

es

second-person singular present indicative of estre

Etymology 2

Old French es ("in the").

Contraction

es

Contraction of en+ les (“in the (plural)”).

Middle Irish

Noun

es f

stoat, weasel

Descendants

Irish: eas

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
es	unchanged	n-es
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

es

present tense of asa (to swell, ferment)

Occitan

Verb

es

third-person singular present indicative of èsser

Ojibwe

Etymology

From Proto-Algonquian *e·hsa.

Noun

es (plural esag)

shell (2)
oyster

Old French

Etymology

Contraction of en les.

Preposition

es

in the
- 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 186 of this essay:
  l'autre partie va es muscules
  the other part goes into the muscles

Descendants

French: ès (archaic except in fixed expressions)

Old Irish

Alternative forms

ess (theoretically available for all senses; attested in only some)

Noun

es (gender unknown)

the letter s

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

es (gender unknown)

death

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

es (gender unknown)

food

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

es (gender unknown)

ox

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

es

Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
es	unchanged	n-es
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).

Verb

es

Archaic form of er., third-person singular indicative present of vera

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).

Pronoun

es

Archaic form of er. (which, that)

Conjunction

es

Archaic form of er. (when, where)

Pennsylvania German

Alternative forms

's

Etymology

Compare German es, Dutch het, English it.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Article

es n (definite, nominative)

the

Declension

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	es	die
Accusative	der	die	es	die
Dative	dem	der	em	de

Pronoun

es n

it

Declension

Declension of es

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative
1st - Singular	ich	mich	mir mer (unstressed)
2nd - Singular	du de (unstressed)	dich	dir der (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Masculine	er	ihn en (unstressed)	ihm em (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Feminine	sie se (unstressed)	sie se (unstressed)	ihre re (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Neuter	es	es	ihm em (unstressed)
1st - Plural	mir mer (unstressed)	uns	uns
2nd - Plural	dihr der (unstressed)	eich	eich
3rd - Plural	sie	sie	ihne ne (unstressed)
2nd - Polite	Sie	Sie	Ihne Ne (unstressed)

Romagnol

Etymology

From Latin esse, present active infinitive of sum.

Verb

es

to be
(auxiliary, used to form composite past tense of many intransitive verbs) to have (done something).

Sawi

Interjection

es

at once
Uvur haramavimaken, du famud, es! — The tide is about to turn; cook the sago at once![1]
enough

References

Don Richardson, Peace Child.

Scots

Noun

es (plural eses)

Alternative spelling of aes (“”)

References

“es, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈes/ [ˈes]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification: es

Etymology 1

From Latin est, from Proto-Italic *est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), English is.

Verb

es

third-person singular present indicative of ser

Noun

es f pl

plural of e

Sudovian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *ís. Compare Lithuanian jìs, but dissimilar Latvian viņš (“he”), Old Prussian tāns (“he”).[1][2]

Pronoun

eſ m

(third-person singular) he
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 4, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
  on — eſ
  on — he

References

Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985), “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, issue 1, page 72: “eſ ‘jis, l. on’ 4.”
“jìs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. es er”.

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ānse, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms-o-s, a form of *h₂ṓms. Compare Tocharian B āntse.

Noun

es

shoulder
bough, limb (of a tree)
branch of a particular matter

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːs/
Rhymes: -eːs

Verb

es

first-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

Synonyms

euthum (literary)

Yola

Pronoun

es

Alternative form of ouse
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
  Gu es.
  Give us.

References

Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 43

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “es”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[2] Don Richardson, Peace Child.

[3] Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985), “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, issue 1, page 72: “eſ ‘jis, l. on’ 4.”

[4] “jìs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. es er”.

es

Translingual

Etymology 1

Symbol

Symbol

English

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Verb

Noun

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Noun

Alemannic German

Pronunciation

Article

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Declension

Aragonese

Pronoun

Synonyms

Arin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Related terms

See also

Assan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Synonyms

Bavarian

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Usage notes

See also

Pronoun

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Article

Usage notes

Noun

Further reading

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Inflection

References

Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Pronunciation

Noun

Danish

Noun

Declension

See also

Dutch

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Alternative forms

Derived terms