era

See also: Appendix:Variations of "era"

English

Alternative forms

æra (archaic)

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

(UK) enPR: îʹrə; IPA^(key): /ˈɪə.ɹə/, [ˈɪə̯.ɹə]
- Audio (UK) (file)
- Rhymes: -ɪəɹə
(US) enPR: ĕrʹə, îrʹə; IPA^(key): /ˈɛɹ.ə/, /ˈɪɚ.ə/
- Audio (US) (file)
- Homophone: error (in non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -ɛɹə

Noun

era (plural eras)

A time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 6, in The China Governess‎:
  Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.
- 2012 January 1, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, page 87:
  In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
(geology) A geochronologic unit of tens to hundreds of millions of years; a subdivision of an eon, and subdivided into periods.

Synonyms

(time period of indeterminate length): age, epoch, period
See also Thesaurus:era

Hyponyms

(cosmological time unit): stelliferous era, degenerate era, black hole era
(geochronologic unit): Cenozoic era, erathem, Mesozoic era, Paleozoic era

Coordinate terms

(geological time units) supereon, aeon/eon, era, period, epoch, age/sub-epoch

Derived terms

classical era
dead-ball era
era-defining
era name
flop era
geologic era
live-ball era
modern era
Planck era

Translations

time period

Albanian: erë (sq) f, epokë (sq) f
Arabic: عَصْر‎ (ar) m (ʕaṣr), عُصُور‎ (ar) m pl (ʕuṣūr), زَمَان‎ (ar) m (zamān)
Armenian: դարաշրջան (hy) (darašrǰan), ժամանակաշրջան (hy) (žamanakašrǰan)
Asturian: era (ast) f, época (ast) f
Azerbaijani: əsr (az), dövr (az), era, zaman (az)
Bashkir: дәүер (däwer), заман (zaman)
Belarusian: э́ра f (éra), эпо́ха f (epóxa)
Bengali: জমানা (bn) (zômana), যুগ (ĵug), কাল (bn) (kal)
Breton: amzervezh f, -ioù, hoalad m, -où
Bulgarian: е́ра (bg) f (éra), епо́ха (bg) f (epóha)
Burmese: ခေတ် (my) (hket), ယုဂ် (my) (yug)
Catalan: era (ca) f, època (ca) f, període (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 時代／时代 (zh) (shídài), 紀元／纪元 (zh) (jìyuán)
Czech: éra (cs) f, epocha f, období (cs) n
Danish: æra c
Dutch: tijdperk (nl) n, periode (nl) f, era (nl) m, tijdrekening (nl) f
Egyptian:

(rk)
Esperanto: erao
Estonian: ajastu (et)
Finnish: aikakausi (fi), ajanjakso (fi), aika (fi)
French: ère (fr) f, période (fr) f, époque (fr) f
Galician: era (gl) f, época (gl) f
Georgian: დრო (ka) (dro), ერა (era)
German: Ära (de) f, Epoche (de) f
Greek: περίοδος (el) f (períodos), εποχή (el) f (epochí)
Hebrew: עידן \\ עִדָּן‎ (he) m (idán), תְּקוּפָה‎ (he) f (tkufá)
Hindi: युग (hi) m (yug), अनुयुग m (anuyug), ज़माना m (zamānā), काल (hi) m (kāl)
Hungarian: kor (hu), korszak (hu), éra (hu)
Ido: ero (io)
Indonesian: era (id), masa (id), jaman (id), periode (id)
Italian: era (it) f, epoca (it) f
Japanese: 時代 (ja) (じだい, jidai), 紀元 (ja) (きげん, kigen)
Kabuverdianu: idadi
Kazakh: дәуір (kk) (däuır), заман (zaman)
Khmer: សម័យ (km) (saʼmay), កាល (km) (kaal), យុគ (km) (yuk)
Korean: 시대(時代) (ko) (sidae), 기원(紀元) (ko) (giwon)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: dewr (ku), zeman (ku)
Kyrgyz: доор (ky) (door), эра (era), заман (ky) (zaman)
Lao: ຍຸກ (nyuk), ສະໃໝ (sa mai), ສໄມ (sa mai)
Latin: aetas (la) f
Latvian: ēra f, laikmets m
Lithuanian: era (lt) f
Macedonian: ера f (era)
Malay: masa (ms), zaman (ms), tarikh (ms)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: цаг (mn) (cag), үе (mn) (üje), эрин үе (erin üje)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: æra (no) m, tidsalder m, epoke (no) m, tidsepoke m
Nynorsk: æra m, tidsalder m, epoke m, tidsepoke m
Pashto: دوره‎ (ps) f (dawrá), عصر‎ (ps) m (asᶕr), زمانه‎ (ps) f (zamāná, zәmāná)
Persian: عصر‎ (fa) ('asr), دوره‎ (fa) (davre), زمان‎ (fa) (zamân), زمانه‎ (fa) (zamâne)
Polish: era (pl) f
Portuguese: era (pt) f, época (pt) f
Romanian: eră (ro) f, epocă (ro) f, perioadă (ro) f
Russian: э́ра (ru) f (éra), эпо́ха (ru) f (epóxa)
Sanskrit: युग (sa) n (yuga)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: е́ра f
Roman: éra (sh) f
Slovak: obdobie n, éra (sk) f, epocha (sk) f
Slovene: era f
Spanish: época (es) f, era (es) f, período (es) m
Swedish: era (sv) c
Tagalog: higtion
Tajik: давр (davr), давра (davra), аср (asr), замон (tg) (zamon), замона (zamona)
Tatar: заман (tt) (zaman), дәвер (tt) (däwer)
Telugu: శకం (te) (śakaṁ), యుగం (te) (yugaṁ)
Thai: สมัย (th) (sà-mǎi), กาล (th) (gaan), ยุค (th) (yúk)
Turkish: çağ (tr), devir (tr), asır (tr)
Turkmen: döwür, zaman (tk)
Ukrainian: е́ра (uk) f (éra), епо́ха f (epóxa)
Urdu: زمانہ‎ m (zamāna), دور‎ m (daur), عصر‎‎ m ('asar)
Uyghur: دەۋر‎ (dewr)
Uzbek: davr (uz), era (uz), epoxa (uz), asr (uz), zamon (uz)
Vietnamese: thời đại (vi) (時代), kỉ nguyên (vi) (紀元)
Zazaki: dem (diq), dewr (diq)

geochronologic unit

Arabic: حِقْبَة‎ f (ḥiqba)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 代 (zh) (dài)
Finnish: maailmankausi (fi)
German: Erdzeitalter (de) n
Hebrew: עִדָּן‎ (he) m (idán)
Swedish: era (sv) c
Tagalog: higtion
Zazaki: serdem

Anagrams

'ear, ARE, Aer, EAR, REA, Rae, Rea, aer-, are, aër-, ear, rea

Asturian

Etymology

From Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eres)

era (time period)

Synonyms

época

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian э́ра (éra), ultimately from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Noun

era (definite accusative eranı, plural eralar)

era
yenieraya qədəm qoymaq ― to enter a new era
eramızdan əvvəl ― before the commonera

Declension

Declension of era
	singular	plural
nominative	era	eralar
definite accusative	eranı	eraları
dative	eraya	eralara
locative	erada	eralarda
ablative	eradan	eralardan
definite genitive	eranın	eraların

Possessive forms of era
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eram	eralarım
sənin (“your”)	eran	eraların
onun (“his/her/its”)	erası	eraları
bizim (“our”)	eramız	eralarımız
sizin (“your”)	eranız	eralarınız
onların (“their”)	erası or eraları	eraları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramı	eralarımı
sənin (“your”)	eranı	eralarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasını	eralarını
bizim (“our”)	eramızı	eralarımızı
sizin (“your”)	eranızı	eralarınızı
onların (“their”)	erasını or eralarını	eralarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	erama	eralarıma
sənin (“your”)	erana	eralarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasına	eralarına
bizim (“our”)	eramıza	eralarımıza
sizin (“your”)	eranıza	eralarınıza
onların (“their”)	erasına or eralarına	eralarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramda	eralarımda
sənin (“your”)	eranda	eralarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasında	eralarında
bizim (“our”)	eramızda	eralarımızda
sizin (“your”)	eranızda	eralarınızda
onların (“their”)	erasında or eralarında	eralarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramdan	eralarımdan
sənin (“your”)	erandan	eralarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasından	eralarından
bizim (“our”)	eramızdan	eralarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	eranızdan	eralarınızdan
onların (“their”)	erasından or eralarından	eralarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramın	eralarımın
sənin (“your”)	eranın	eralarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasının	eralarının
bizim (“our”)	eramızın	eralarımızın
sizin (“your”)	eranızın	eralarınızın
onların (“their”)	erasının or eralarının	eralarının

Basque

Noun

era inan

manner

Catalan

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɾə/

(Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɾa/
Rhymes: -eɾa

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eres)

era (time period)
Synonym: època

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin ārea (“open space; threshing floor”). Compare the borrowed doublet àrea.

Noun

era f (plural eres)

Small section of arable land destined for cultivation.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

era

first-person singular imperfect indicative form of ser
third-person singular imperfect indicative form of ser

Chuukese

Verb

era

(intransitive) to say

Related terms

ereni

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aera.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeː.raː/
Hyphenation: era
Rhymes: -eːraː

Noun

era f (plural era's)

era, age, epoch
Synonyms: eeuw, tijdperk
(dated) era, calendar
Synonym: jaartelling

Esperanto

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈera]
Rhymes: -era
Hyphenation: er‧a

Adjective

era (accusative singular eran, plural eraj, accusative plural erajn)

adjective form of ero (“bit, piece”).

Fala

Verb

era

first-person singular imperfect indicative of sel (“to be”)
third-person singular imperfect indicative of sel (“to be”)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IV, Chapter 1: Non Diptongación da “E” i a “O” en Nossa Fala:
  Tampocu era normal en o leonés antiguu, según os estudius dos escritus i textus estudiaus, por ejemplu por Menéndez Pidal, quen tamén viñu i estudió o mañegu.
  Neither was it normal in Old Leonese, according to studies of the writings and the texts studied, by Menéndez Pidal for example, who also came and studied Mañego.

Galician

Verb

era

first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Interlingua

Noun

era (plural eras)

era

Verb

era

optional irregular past tense form of esser ("to be")

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ra/
Rhymes: -ɛra
Hyphenation: è‧ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural ere)

age, epoch, period
Synonyms: epoca, età
(geology) era

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin erat.

Verb

era

third-person singular imperfect indicative of essere

Etymology 3

From Latin eram.

Verb

era

(obsolete) Alternative form of ero, first-person singular imperfect indicative of essere
- early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto I”, in Inferno, lines 10–12:
  Io non so ben ridir com’i’ v’intrai, ¶ tant’era pien di sonno a quel punto ¶ che la verace via abbandonai.
  I cannot well repeat how there I entered, ⁠¶ ⁠So full was I of slumber at the moment ¶ ⁠In which I had abandoned the true way.

Anagrams

-are, Rea, are, rea

Ladino

Verb

era (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אירה‎)

first-person singular imperfect indicative of ser
third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Latin

Alternative forms

hera

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ra/, [ˈɛrä]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ra/, [ˈɛːrä]

Noun

era f (genitive erae, masculine erus); first declension

mistress (of a house, with respect to the servants)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	era	erae
Genitive	erae	erārum
Dative	erae	erīs
Accusative	eram	erās
Ablative	erā	erīs
Vocative	era	erae

Luganda

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Luganda is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Conjunction

era

and then (only used for occurrences in chronological order)

References

The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 95.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

era

(archaic or dialectal) plural present of vera

Occitan

Pronunciation

Audio (Gascon) (file)

Article

era f

feminine singular of eth

Pronoun

era

(Gascony) she

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.

Noun

ēra f

honour
dignity

Derived terms

unēra

Descendants

Middle Dutch: êre
- Dutch: eer
  - Afrikaans: eer
  - Negerhollands: eer
- Limburgish: ieër

Old High German

FWOTD – 7 April 2014

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ra/

Noun

ēra f

honour
renown
respect

Declension

Declension of ēra (ō-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	ēra	ērā
accusative	ēra	ērā
genitive	ēra	ērōno
dative	ēru	ērōm

Descendants

German: Ehre

References

Henry Frowde, An Old High German Primer
Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer with grammar, notes and glossary, Second Edition

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛː.rɑ/

Noun

ēra f

honour
renown
glory

Declension

Declension of era (feminine ō-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	era	era
accusative	era	era
genitive	era, eru, ero	erono
dative	eru, ero, era	eron, erum, erun
instrumental	—	—

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʔɛɾa/, /ˈtɛɾa/

Noun

era

name

Usage notes

The stem era could never be used inside a sentence without a prefix. The absolute form tera was used whenever the noun was not possessed.

References

LEMOS BARBOSA, A. Curso de Tupi antigo. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José, 1956.

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ra/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛra
Syllabification: e‧ra

Noun

era f

era

Declension

Declension of era

	singular	plural
nominative	era	ery
genitive	ery	er
dative	erze	erom
accusative	erę	ery
instrumental	erą	erami
locative	erze	erach
vocative	ero	ery

Related terms

n.e.
p.n.e.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɾɐ/

Rhymes: -ɛɾɐ
Homophones: hera, Hera
Hyphenation: e‧ra
Audio (Brazil) (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eras)

era (time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year)
Synonym: época
(archaeology) age (period of human prehistory)
Synonym: idade
(geology) era (unit of time, smaller than aeons and greater than periods)

Derived terms

era antropozóica
era cenozóica
era cristã
era da pedra
era da pedra lascada
era da pedra polida
era digital
era do bronze
era do ferro
era mesozóica
era paleozóica
era proterozóica

Etymology 2

From Latin eram and erat.

Verb

era

first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *e-la. Cognates include Tuamotuan era and Maori ērā.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɾa/
Hyphenation: e‧ra

Determiner

era

that
Te vaka era. ― That canoe.

References

Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 145
Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 194

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [jeˈra]

Verb

era

third-person singular imperfect indicative of fi: he/she was (being)
el era pierdut
he was lost
el era sarcastic
he was being sarcastic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈera]

Noun

era f

definite nominative/accusative singular of eră

Rwanda-Rundi

Verb

-êra (infinitive kwêra, perfective -êze)

be white
be pure, be innocent
be holy
be ripe

Derived terms

icyumweru / icumweru (“week”)
umwera (“white person”)
umweru (“something white”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ěːra/
Hyphenation: e‧ra

Noun

éra f (Cyrillic spelling е́ра)

era

Declension

Declension of era

	singular	plural
nominative	éra	ere
genitive	ere	ȇrā
dative	eri	erama
accusative	eru	ere
vocative	ero	ere
locative	eri	erama
instrumental	erom	erama

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeɾa/ [ˈe.ɾa]
Rhymes: -eɾa
Syllabification: e‧ra

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

era

first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eras)

era, age
la Nueva Era ― New Age
(geology) era

Derived terms

era común

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin ārea. Compare the borrowed doublet área.

Noun

era f (plural eras)

threshing floor
tipple

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːra/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: e‧ra

Etymology 1

From Old Norse yðr, yðar, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

Alternative forms

edra (archaic)

Pronoun

era (singular form er)

your, yours (multiple owners of more than one object)
you (only in this use:)
Era jävla idioter!
You bloody idiots!
Era små fan!
You little bastards!

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Etymology 2

From Latin aera.

Noun

era c

era

Declension

Declension of era
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	era	eran	eror	erorna
Genitive	eras	erans	erors	erornas

Anagrams

-are, rea

Tause

Noun

era

water

References

Duane A. Clouse, 1997, Toward a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya, In Karl J. Franklin (ed.), Papers in Papuan linguistics No. 2, 133-236. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, page 172

era

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

Asturian

Etymology

Noun

Synonyms

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Basque

Noun

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Verb

Further reading

Chuukese

Verb

Related terms

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Adjective

Fala

Verb

Galician

Verb

Interlingua

Noun

Verb

Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Verb

Etymology 3

Verb

Anagrams

Ladino

Verb

Latin

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Luganda

Conjunction

See also

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

Occitan

Pronunciation

Article

Pronoun

Old Dutch

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms