envergar
Portuguese
Etymology
From en- + vergar, from en- + verga (“rod, twig”) + -ar.
Verb
envergar (first-person singular present envergo, first-person singular preterite enverguei, past participle envergado)
- (transitive) to curve (bend, crook)
- Synonym: curvar
- (transitive) to don; to wear (a piece of clothing)
- Synonyms: trajar, vestir
- inflection of envergar:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Conjugation of envergar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | envergar | |||||
| Personal | envergar | envergares | envergar | envergarmos | envergardes | envergarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| envergando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | envergado | envergados | ||||
| Feminine | envergada | envergadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | envergo | envergas | enverga | envergamos | envergais | envergam |
| Imperfect | envergava | envergavas | envergava | envergávamos | envergáveis | envergavam |
| Preterite | enverguei | envergaste | envergou | envergamos1, envergámos2 | envergastes | envergaram |
| Pluperfect | envergara | envergaras | envergara | envergáramos | envergáreis | envergaram |
| Future | envergarei | envergarás | envergará | envergaremos | envergareis | envergarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| envergaria | envergarias | envergaria | envergaríamos | envergaríeis | envergariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | envergue | envergues | envergue | enverguemos | envergueis | enverguem |
| Imperfect | envergasse | envergasses | envergasse | envergássemos | envergásseis | envergassem |
| Future | envergar | envergares | envergar | envergarmos | envergardes | envergarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | enverga | envergue | enverguemos | envergai | enverguem | |
| Negative (não) | não envergues | não envergue | não enverguemos | não envergueis | não enverguem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Derived terms
- envergadura
Spanish
Etymology
From en- + verga (“yard”) + -ar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /embeɾˈɡaɾ/ [ẽm.beɾˈɣ̞aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: en‧ver‧gar
Verb
envergar (first-person singular present envergo, first-person singular preterite envergué, past participle envergado)
- (nautical) to attach a sail to the yardarm
Conjugation
Conjugation of envergar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | envergar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | envergando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | envergado | envergada | |||||
| plural | envergados | envergadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | envergo | envergastú envergásvos | enverga | envergamos | envergáis | envergan | |
| imperfect | envergaba | envergabas | envergaba | envergábamos | envergabais | envergaban | |
| preterite | envergué | envergaste | envergó | envergamos | envergasteis | envergaron | |
| future | envergaré | envergarás | envergará | envergaremos | envergaréis | envergarán | |
| conditional | envergaría | envergarías | envergaría | envergaríamos | envergaríais | envergarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | envergue | enverguestú enverguésvos2 | envergue | enverguemos | enverguéis | enverguen | |
| imperfect (ra) | envergara | envergaras | envergara | envergáramos | envergarais | envergaran | |
| imperfect (se) | envergase | envergases | envergase | envergásemos | envergaseis | envergasen | |
| future1 | envergare | envergares | envergare | envergáremos | envergareis | envergaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | envergatú envergávos | envergue | enverguemos | envergad | enverguen | ||
| negative | no envergues | no envergue | no enverguemos | no enverguéis | no enverguen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of envergar (g-gu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive envergar | |||||||
| dative | envergarme | envergarte | envergarle, envergarse | envergarnos | envergaros | envergarles, envergarse | |
| accusative | envergarme | envergarte | envergarlo, envergarla, envergarse | envergarnos | envergaros | envergarlos, envergarlas, envergarse | |
| with gerund envergando | |||||||
| dative | envergándome | envergándote | envergándole, envergándose | envergándonos | envergándoos | envergándoles, envergándose | |
| accusative | envergándome | envergándote | envergándolo, envergándola, envergándose | envergándonos | envergándoos | envergándolos, envergándolas, envergándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative enverga | |||||||
| dative | envérgame | envérgate | envérgale | envérganos | not used | envérgales | |
| accusative | envérgame | envérgate | envérgalo, envérgala | envérganos | not used | envérgalos, envérgalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative envergá | |||||||
| dative | envergame | envergate | envergale | enverganos | not used | envergales | |
| accusative | envergame | envergate | envergalo, envergala | enverganos | not used | envergalos, envergalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative envergue | |||||||
| dative | envérgueme | not used | envérguele, envérguese | envérguenos | not used | envérgueles | |
| accusative | envérgueme | not used | envérguelo, envérguela, envérguese | envérguenos | not used | envérguelos, envérguelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative enverguemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | enverguémoste | enverguémosle | enverguémonos | enverguémoos | enverguémosles | |
| accusative | not used | enverguémoste | enverguémoslo, enverguémosla | enverguémonos | enverguémoos | enverguémoslos, enverguémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative envergad | |||||||
| dative | envergadme | not used | envergadle | envergadnos | envergaos | envergadles | |
| accusative | envergadme | not used | envergadlo, envergadla | envergadnos | envergaos | envergadlos, envergadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative enverguen | |||||||
| dative | envérguenme | not used | envérguenle | envérguennos | not used | envérguenles, envérguense | |
| accusative | envérguenme | not used | envérguenlo, envérguenla | envérguennos | not used | envérguenlos, envérguenlas, envérguense | |
Derived terms
- envergadura
Further reading
- “envergar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014