envenenar
Portuguese
Etymology
From en- + veneno (“poison”) + -ar. Compare Latin venenāre. Compare Italian avvelenare, Romanian învenina, Spanish envenenar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ẽ.vɨ.nɨˈnaɾ/
- Hyphenation: en‧ve‧ne‧nar
Verb
envenenar (first-person singular present enveneno, first-person singular preterite envenenei, past participle envenenado)
- (transitive) to poison
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be poisoned; to take poison
- (figuratively) to spoil; to destroy
- (colloquial) to soup up (a car)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | envenenar | |||||
Personal | envenenar | envenenares | envenenar | envenenarmos | envenenardes | envenenarem |
Gerund | ||||||
envenenando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | envenenado | envenenados | ||||
Feminine | envenenada | envenenadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | enveneno | envenenas | envenena | envenenamos | envenenais | envenenam |
Imperfect | envenenava | envenenavas | envenenava | envenenávamos | envenenáveis | envenenavam |
Preterite | envenenei | envenenaste | envenenou | envenenamos1, envenenámos2 | envenenastes | envenenaram |
Pluperfect | envenenara | envenenaras | envenenara | envenenáramos | envenenáreis | envenenaram |
Future | envenenarei | envenenarás | envenenará | envenenaremos | envenenareis | envenenarão |
Conditional | ||||||
envenenaria | envenenarias | envenenaria | envenenaríamos | envenenaríeis | envenenariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | envenene | envenenes | envenene | envenenemos | enveneneis | envenenem |
Imperfect | envenenasse | envenenasses | envenenasse | envenenássemos | envenenásseis | envenenassem |
Future | envenenar | envenenares | envenenar | envenenarmos | envenenardes | envenenarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | envenena | envenene | envenenemos | envenenai | envenenem | |
Negative (não) | não envenenes | não envenene | não envenenemos | não enveneneis | não envenenem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:envenenar.
Synonyms
- (to poison): intoxicar
- (to spoil): arruinar
Spanish
Etymology
Probably from en- + veneno. Compare Latin venenāre, present active infinitive of venenō. Compare Italian avvelenare, Portuguese envenenar, Romanian învenina.
Pronunciation
- (General) IPA(key): /embeneˈnaɾ/ [ẽm.be.neˈnaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: en‧ve‧ne‧nar
Verb
envenenar (first-person singular present enveneno, first-person singular preterite envenené, past participle envenenado)
- to poison
- Synonym: emponzoñar
- to interpret maliciously
- to make bitter
Conjugation
infinitive | envenenar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | envenenando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | envenenado | envenenada | |||||
plural | envenenados | envenenadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | enveneno | envenenastú envenenásvos | envenena | envenenamos | envenenáis | envenenan | |
imperfect | envenenaba | envenenabas | envenenaba | envenenábamos | envenenabais | envenenaban | |
preterite | envenené | envenenaste | envenenó | envenenamos | envenenasteis | envenenaron | |
future | envenenaré | envenenarás | envenenará | envenenaremos | envenenaréis | envenenarán | |
conditional | envenenaría | envenenarías | envenenaría | envenenaríamos | envenenaríais | envenenarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | envenene | envenenestú envenenésvos2 | envenene | envenenemos | envenenéis | envenenen | |
imperfect (ra) | envenenara | envenenaras | envenenara | envenenáramos | envenenarais | envenenaran | |
imperfect (se) | envenenase | envenenases | envenenase | envenenásemos | envenenaseis | envenenasen | |
future1 | envenenare | envenenares | envenenare | envenenáremos | envenenareis | envenenaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | envenenatú envenenávos | envenene | envenenemos | envenenad | envenenen | ||
negative | no envenenes | no envenene | no envenenemos | no envenenéis | no envenenen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive envenenar | |||||||
dative | envenenarme | envenenarte | envenenarle, envenenarse | envenenarnos | envenenaros | envenenarles, envenenarse | |
accusative | envenenarme | envenenarte | envenenarlo, envenenarla, envenenarse | envenenarnos | envenenaros | envenenarlos, envenenarlas, envenenarse | |
with gerund envenenando | |||||||
dative | envenenándome | envenenándote | envenenándole, envenenándose | envenenándonos | envenenándoos | envenenándoles, envenenándose | |
accusative | envenenándome | envenenándote | envenenándolo, envenenándola, envenenándose | envenenándonos | envenenándoos | envenenándolos, envenenándolas, envenenándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative envenena | |||||||
dative | envenéname | envenénate | envenénale | envenénanos | not used | envenénales | |
accusative | envenéname | envenénate | envenénalo, envenénala | envenénanos | not used | envenénalos, envenénalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative envenená | |||||||
dative | envenename | envenenate | envenenale | envenenanos | not used | envenenales | |
accusative | envenename | envenenate | envenenalo, envenenala | envenenanos | not used | envenenalos, envenenalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative envenene | |||||||
dative | envenéneme | not used | envenénele, envenénese | envenénenos | not used | envenéneles | |
accusative | envenéneme | not used | envenénelo, envenénela, envenénese | envenénenos | not used | envenénelos, envenénelas | |
with first-person plural imperative envenenemos | |||||||
dative | not used | envenenémoste | envenenémosle | envenenémonos | envenenémoos | envenenémosles | |
accusative | not used | envenenémoste | envenenémoslo, envenenémosla | envenenémonos | envenenémoos | envenenémoslos, envenenémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative envenenad | |||||||
dative | envenenadme | not used | envenenadle | envenenadnos | envenenaos | envenenadles | |
accusative | envenenadme | not used | envenenadlo, envenenadla | envenenadnos | envenenaos | envenenadlos, envenenadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative envenenen | |||||||
dative | envenénenme | not used | envenénenle | envenénennos | not used | envenénenles, envenénense | |
accusative | envenénenme | not used | envenénenlo, envenénenla | envenénennos | not used | envenénenlos, envenénenlas, envenénense |
Related terms
- envenenamiento
- envenenarse
- veneno
- venenoso
Further reading
- “envenenar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014