affliger
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin afflīgere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.fli.ʒe/
Audio (file)
Verb
affliger
- (transitive) to grieve someone, to distress someone
- 1640, Pierre Corneille, “Act I, Scene I”, in Horace:
- Je crains pour l'une et l'autre en ce dernier effort / Et serai du parti qu'affligera le Sort.
- I fear for both in this final struggle / and shall be on the side that Destiny makes grieved.
-
- (literary) to smite [+ de (object) = with]
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written afflige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of affliger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | affliger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | affligeant /a.fli.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | affligé /a.fli.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | afflige /a.fliʒ/ | affliges /a.fliʒ/ | afflige /a.fliʒ/ | affligeons /a.fli.ʒɔ̃/ | affligez /a.fli.ʒe/ | affligent /a.fliʒ/ |
| imperfect | affligeais /a.fli.ʒɛ/ | affligeais /a.fli.ʒɛ/ | affligeait /a.fli.ʒɛ/ | affligions /a.fli.ʒjɔ̃/ | affligiez /a.fli.ʒje/ | affligeaient /a.fli.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | affligeai /a.fli.ʒe/ | affligeas /a.fli.ʒa/ | affligea /a.fli.ʒa/ | affligeâmes /a.fli.ʒam/ | affligeâtes /a.fli.ʒat/ | affligèrent /a.fli.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | affligerai /a.fliʒ.ʁe/ | affligeras /a.fliʒ.ʁa/ | affligera /a.fliʒ.ʁa/ | affligerons /a.fliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | affligerez /a.fliʒ.ʁe/ | affligeront /a.fliʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | affligerais /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ | affligerais /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ | affligerait /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ | affligerions /a.fli.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | affligeriez /a.fli.ʒə.ʁje/ | affligeraient /a.fliʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | afflige /a.fliʒ/ | affliges /a.fliʒ/ | afflige /a.fliʒ/ | affligions /a.fli.ʒjɔ̃/ | affligiez /a.fli.ʒje/ | affligent /a.fliʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | affligeasse /a.fli.ʒas/ | affligeasses /a.fli.ʒas/ | affligeât /a.fli.ʒa/ | affligeassions /a.fli.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | affligeassiez /a.fli.ʒa.sje/ | affligeassent /a.fli.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | afflige /a.fliʒ/ | — | affligeons /a.fli.ʒɔ̃/ | affligez /a.fli.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
References
- “affliger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.