enrager
English
Etymology
From enrage + -er.
Noun
enrager (plural enragers)
- One who, or that which, enrages.
- 1647, Jacob Behmen, J[ohn] S[parrow], transl., XL. Questions Concerning the Soule. Propounded by Dr. Balthasar Walter. And Answered, by Jacob Behmen. Aliàs Teutonicus Philosophus. And in His Answer to the First Question is the Turned Eye, or, Philosophick Globe. (Which in It Selfe Containeth All Mysteries) with an Exposition of It. […], London: […] M. S. for H[umphrey] Blunden, […], page 14:
- Now the Fire hath a wrathfull, harſh, ſtrong, bitter deſiring ſource which begetteth thirſt, a devouring and conſuming, and the great bitterneſſe is its right Spirit, an Enrager and awakener, which hath all Eſſences of the Life in it, and it is the power of the life and of the driving, otherwiſe there would be no burning.
- 1673, S. C., The Art of Complaisance or The Means to Oblige in Conversation, London: […] John Starkey […], page 16:
- […] (who like Bulls chafed & enraged, bow their rugged fronts to the earth in a poſture to overturn their enragers.)
- a. 1674, Thomas Traherne, Commentaries of Heaven, published 1989, page 64:
- And is it possible for Musick here / To enter in? first let me shed a Tear, / And then triumph, for Antichrist is slain / And the pure Sweets of victorie remain / Alone Behind: God met an Enime / In Him, was worthy of the Deitie / To grapple with and punish. Here we see / The Great Enrager of Felicitie. Triumphing Martyrs shed their precious Blood / Opposing him in Flames to do us Good.
- 1691, Tho[mas] Tryon, Wisdom’s Dictates: or, Aphorisms & Rules, Physical, Moral, and Divine; for Preserving the Health of the Body, and the Peace of the Mind, Fit to Be Regarded and Practised by All That Would Enjoy the Blessings of the Present and Future World. […], London: […] Tho. Salusbury, […], page 30:
- How ſtrange then, and yet how true it is, that this Excellent Dignified Creature Man ſhould be the grand Trouble of the World, and the Enrager of all the Elements.
- 1965, James H. Meisel, editor, Pareto & Mosca, Prentice-Hall, page 37:
- Pareto has a secure place among the great enragers of mankind.
- 2001, Ḥayim Rabinovits, Da’ath Sofrim, H. Vagshal Publishing Ltd., →ISBN, page 144:
- The tents of the marauders are peaceful and those of the enragers of God are secure, because God brought it to his hand.
- 2019, Rita McGrath, “Customers, Not Hostages”, in Seeing Around Corners: How to Spot Inflection Points in Business Before They Happen, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 82:
- Once something comes along that allows them to capture the benefits they seek but eliminates the “tolerable” feature, that attribute becomes a “dissatisfier” and eventually an “enrager.” Netflix took advantage of this DVD inflection point to introduce an entirely different model for its customers, one that eliminated the enrager of excessive fees.
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French
Etymology
First attested in Old French, corresponding to en- + rage + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/
Audio (file)
Verb
enrager
- (obsolete) to have rabies
- to enrage, anger, infuriate
- to inflame, arouse
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written enrage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of enrager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | enrager | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | enrageant /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enragé /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | enrages /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | enrageons /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɔ̃/ | enragez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/ | enragent /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ |
| imperfect | enrageais /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/ | enrageais /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/ | enrageait /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/ | enragions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ | enragiez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒje/ | enrageaient /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enrageai /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/ | enrageas /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa/ | enragea /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa/ | enrageâmes /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒam/ | enrageâtes /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒat/ | enragèrent /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | enragerai /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁe/ | enrageras /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁa/ | enragera /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁa/ | enragerons /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | enragerez /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁe/ | enrageront /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enragerais /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ | enragerais /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ | enragerait /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ | enragerions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | enrageriez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒə.ʁje/ | enrageraient /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | enrages /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | enragions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ | enragiez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒje/ | enragent /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | enrageasse /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒas/ | enrageasses /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒas/ | enrageât /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa/ | enrageassions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | enrageassiez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa.sje/ | enrageassent /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/ | — | enrageons /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɔ̃/ | enragez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “enrager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- régnera