affirmo
Latin
Alternative forms
- adfirmō
Etymology
From ad- (“to, towards, at”) + firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /afˈfir.moː/, [äfˈfɪrmoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /afˈfir.mo/, [äfˈfirmo]
Verb
affirmō (present infinitive affirmāre, perfect active affirmāvī, supine affirmātum); first conjugation
- I present (something) as fixed, firm, or true; affirm, assert, maintain.
- Synonyms: firmō, contendō, aiō, arguō, fīgō
- I strengthen, confirm, corroborate.
- (figurative) I make clear
Conjugation
Conjugation of affirmō (first conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | affirmō | affirmās | affirmat | affirmāmus | affirmātis | affirmant |
imperfect | affirmābam | affirmābās | affirmābat | affirmābāmus | affirmābātis | affirmābant | |
future | affirmābō | affirmābis | affirmābit | affirmābimus | affirmābitis | affirmābunt | |
perfect | affirmāvī | affirmāvistī | affirmāvit | affirmāvimus | affirmāvistis | affirmāvērunt, affirmāvēre | |
pluperfect | affirmāveram | affirmāverās | affirmāverat | affirmāverāmus | affirmāverātis | affirmāverant | |
future perfect | affirmāverō | affirmāveris | affirmāverit | affirmāverimus | affirmāveritis | affirmāverint | |
passive | present | affirmor | affirmāris, affirmāre | affirmātur | affirmāmur | affirmāminī | affirmantur |
imperfect | affirmābar | affirmābāris, affirmābāre | affirmābātur | affirmābāmur | affirmābāminī | affirmābantur | |
future | affirmābor | affirmāberis, affirmābere | affirmābitur | affirmābimur | affirmābiminī | affirmābuntur | |
perfect | affirmātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | affirmātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | affirmātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | affirmem | affirmēs | affirmet | affirmēmus | affirmētis | affirment |
imperfect | affirmārem | affirmārēs | affirmāret | affirmārēmus | affirmārētis | affirmārent | |
perfect | affirmāverim | affirmāverīs | affirmāverit | affirmāverīmus | affirmāverītis | affirmāverint | |
pluperfect | affirmāvissem | affirmāvissēs | affirmāvisset | affirmāvissēmus | affirmāvissētis | affirmāvissent | |
passive | present | affirmer | affirmēris, affirmēre | affirmētur | affirmēmur | affirmēminī | affirmentur |
imperfect | affirmārer | affirmārēris, affirmārēre | affirmārētur | affirmārēmur | affirmārēminī | affirmārentur | |
perfect | affirmātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | affirmātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | affirmā | — | — | affirmāte | — |
future | — | affirmātō | affirmātō | — | affirmātōte | affirmantō | |
passive | present | — | affirmāre | — | — | affirmāminī | — |
future | — | affirmātor | affirmātor | — | — | affirmantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | affirmāre | affirmāvisse | affirmātūrum esse | affirmārī | affirmātum esse | affirmātum īrī | |
participles | affirmāns | — | affirmātūrus | — | affirmātus | affirmandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
affirmandī | affirmandō | affirmandum | affirmandō | affirmātum | affirmātū |
Derived terms
- affirmanter
- affirmātē
- affirmātiō
- affirmātīvus
- affirmātor
Descendants
- Asturian: afirmar
- Catalan: afirmar
- English: affirm
- French: affirmer
- Galician: afirmar
- Italian: affermare
- Portuguese: afirmar
- Romanian: afirma
- Spanish: afirmar
References
- “affirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- affirmo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
- this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
- affirmo in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016