affiner
French
Etymology
From a- + fin + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.fi.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
affiner
- to purify
- to refine
- to make finer
Conjugation
Conjugation of affiner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | affiner | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | affinant /a.fi.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | affiné /a.fi.ne/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | affine /a.fin/ | affines /a.fin/ | affine /a.fin/ | affinons /a.fi.nɔ̃/ | affinez /a.fi.ne/ | affinent /a.fin/ |
imperfect | affinais /a.fi.nɛ/ | affinais /a.fi.nɛ/ | affinait /a.fi.nɛ/ | affinions /a.fi.njɔ̃/ | affiniez /a.fi.nje/ | affinaient /a.fi.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | affinai /a.fi.ne/ | affinas /a.fi.na/ | affina /a.fi.na/ | affinâmes /a.fi.nam/ | affinâtes /a.fi.nat/ | affinèrent /a.fi.nɛʁ/ | |
future | affinerai /a.fin.ʁe/ | affineras /a.fin.ʁa/ | affinera /a.fin.ʁa/ | affinerons /a.fin.ʁɔ̃/ | affinerez /a.fin.ʁe/ | affineront /a.fin.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | affinerais /a.fin.ʁɛ/ | affinerais /a.fin.ʁɛ/ | affinerait /a.fin.ʁɛ/ | affinerions /a.fi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | affineriez /a.fi.nə.ʁje/ | affineraient /a.fin.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | affine /a.fin/ | affines /a.fin/ | affine /a.fin/ | affinions /a.fi.njɔ̃/ | affiniez /a.fi.nje/ | affinent /a.fin/ |
imperfect2 | affinasse /a.fi.nas/ | affinasses /a.fi.nas/ | affinât /a.fi.na/ | affinassions /a.fi.na.sjɔ̃/ | affinassiez /a.fi.na.sje/ | affinassent /a.fi.nas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | affine /a.fin/ | — | affinons /a.fi.nɔ̃/ | affinez /a.fi.ne/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- raffiner
Further reading
- “affiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- raffine, raffiné