engager
English
Etymology
engage + -er.
Noun
engager (plural engagers)
- One who, or that which, engages.
- engagers in conflicts
- One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety.
- 1834, George Godfrey Cunningham, Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen
- Several sufficient citizens were engagers.
- 1834, George Godfrey Cunningham, Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen
French
Etymology
From Middle French, from Old French engagier (“to pawn, make a pledge, plight”), from en- + gage (“pledge”), from Late Latin vadium (“pledge”), from Frankish *wadja (“pledge”), from Proto-Germanic *wadjō, *wadją (“pledge, guarantee”), from Proto-Indo-European *wadh- (“guarantee, bail”). Cognate with Middle Dutch wedde (“property, pay”), Old High German wetti (“collateral, security agreement”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌹 (wadi), 𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wadja, “guarantee”), Old English wedd (“pledge, vow”). More at wed.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒe/
audio (file)
Verb
engager
- to pledge, commit
- to hire, sign, snap up
- to involve
- to encourage
- to pawn
- (military) to enlist
- to enter into (e.g., a conversation)
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written engage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | engager | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | engageant /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | engagé /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | engage /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | engages /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | engage /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | engageons /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɔ̃/ | engagez /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒe/ | engagent /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ |
| imperfect | engageais /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɛ/ | engageais /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɛ/ | engageait /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɛ/ | engagions /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒjɔ̃/ | engagiez /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒje/ | engageaient /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | engageai /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒe/ | engageas /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒa/ | engagea /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒa/ | engageâmes /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒam/ | engageâtes /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒat/ | engagèrent /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | engagerai /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁe/ | engageras /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁa/ | engagera /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁa/ | engagerons /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | engagerez /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁe/ | engageront /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | engagerais /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁɛ/ | engagerais /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁɛ/ | engagerait /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁɛ/ | engagerions /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | engageriez /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒə.ʁje/ | engageraient /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | engage /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | engages /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | engage /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | engagions /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒjɔ̃/ | engagiez /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒje/ | engagent /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | engageasse /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒas/ | engageasses /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒas/ | engageât /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒa/ | engageassions /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | engageassiez /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒa.sje/ | engageassent /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | engage /ɑ̃.ɡaʒ/ | — | engageons /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒɔ̃/ | engagez /ɑ̃.ɡa.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- engagement
- engagiste
Descendants
- → Italian: ingaggiare
- → Polish: angażować
- → Portuguese: engajar
- → Romanian: angaja
- → Turkish: angaje
Further reading
- “engager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- regagne, regagné
Old French
Verb
engager
- Alternative form of engagier
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | engager | avoir engagé | |||||
| gerund | en engajant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | engajant | ||||||
| past participle | engagé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | engage | engages | engage | engajons | engagez | engagent |
| imperfect | engajoie, engageie, engajoe, engageve | engajoies, engageies, engajoes, engageves | engajoit, engageit, engajot, engageve | engagiiens, engagiens | engagiiez, engagiez | engajoient, engageient, engajoent, engagevent | |
| preterite | engajai | engajas | engaja | engajames | engajastes | engagerent | |
| future | engagerai | engageras | engagera | engagerons | engageroiz, engagereiz, engagerez | engageront | |
| conditional | engageroie, engagereie | engageroies, engagereies | engageroit, engagereit | engageriiens, engageriens | engageriiez, engageriez | engageroient, engagereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | engage | engages | engage | engajons | engagez | engagent |
| imperfect | engajasse | engajasses | engajast | engagissons, engagissiens | engagissoiz, engagissez, engagissiez | engajassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | engage | — | engajons | engagez | — | ||