enfreindre
French
Etymology
From Middle French, Old French enfraindre, from Vulgar Latin *infrangere, from Latin infringere, present active infinitive of infringō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃dʁ/
Audio (file) Audio (CAN) (file)
Verb
enfreindre
- to infringe
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of enfreindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | enfreindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | enfreignant /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enfreint /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ | enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ | enfreint /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ | enfreignons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɔ̃/ | enfreignez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲe/ | enfreignent /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | enfreignais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ | enfreignais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ | enfreignait /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ | enfreignions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ | enfreigniez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲje/ | enfreignaient /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enfreignis /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ | enfreignis /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ | enfreignit /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ | enfreignîmes /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲim/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲim/ | enfreignîtes /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲit/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲit/ | enfreignirent /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | enfreindrai /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁe/ | enfreindras /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁa/ | enfreindra /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁa/ | enfreindrons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | enfreindrez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁe/ | enfreindront /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enfreindrais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | enfreindrais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | enfreindrait /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | enfreindrions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ | enfreindriez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ | enfreindraient /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | enfreigne /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ | enfreignes /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ | enfreigne /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ | enfreignions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ | enfreigniez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲje/ | enfreignent /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | enfreignisse /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/ | enfreignisses /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/ | enfreignît /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/ | enfreignissions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ | enfreignissiez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi.sje/ | enfreignissent /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/ | — | enfreignons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɔ̃/ | enfreignez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- infraction
Further reading
- “enfreindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.