encourir
French
Etymology
en- + courir, calque of Latin incurrō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ku.ʁiʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
encourir
- (transitive) to incur (to expose oneself to something inconvenient)
- 2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde:
- Selon leur décision, ces difficultés d’appréciation combinées au fort montant des amendes encourues « ne peuvent qu’inciter les opérateurs (…) à retirer les contenus qui leur sont signalés, qu’ils soient ou non manifestement illicites ».
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- (transitive) to run [the risk], to bring upon (something unfavourable)
- encourir le risque d'être rattrapé ― run the risk of being caught
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like other regular -ir verbs, except that in the conditional and future tenses an extra 'r' is added to the end of the stem and the past participle ends in -u. All verb ending in -courir are conjugated this way.
Conjugation of encourir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | encourir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | encourant /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | encouru /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | encourt /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/ | encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/ | encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
| imperfect | encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ | encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ | encourait /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ | encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/ | encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/ | encouraient /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | encourut /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | encourûmes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁym/ | encourûtes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyt/ | encoururent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyʁ/ | |
| future | encourrai /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/ | encourras /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/ | encourra /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/ | encourrons /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/ | encourrez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/ | encourront /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ | encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ | encourrait /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ | encourrions /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁjɔ̃/ | encourriez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁje/ | encourraient /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | encoures /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/ | encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/ | encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | encourusse /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ | encourusses /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ | encourût /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | encourussions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sjɔ̃/ | encourussiez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sje/ | encourussent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ | — | encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/ | encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:encourir.
Related terms
- courir
- incursion
Further reading
- “encourir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- nourrice