encerrar
Portuguese
Etymology
From en- + cerrar.
Verb
encerrar (first-person singular present encerro, first-person singular preterite encerrei, past participle encerrado)
- to contain
- to complete, finish
- (computing) to shut down
Conjugation
Conjugation of encerrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | encerrar | |||||
Personal | encerrar | encerrares | encerrar | encerrarmos | encerrardes | encerrarem |
Gerund | ||||||
encerrando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | encerrado | encerrados | ||||
Feminine | encerrada | encerradas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | encerro | encerras | encerra | encerramos | encerrais | encerram |
Imperfect | encerrava | encerravas | encerrava | encerrávamos | encerráveis | encerravam |
Preterite | encerrei | encerraste | encerrou | encerramos1, encerrámos2 | encerrastes | encerraram |
Pluperfect | encerrara | encerraras | encerrara | encerráramos | encerráreis | encerraram |
Future | encerrarei | encerrarás | encerrará | encerraremos | encerrareis | encerrarão |
Conditional | ||||||
encerraria | encerrarias | encerraria | encerraríamos | encerraríeis | encerrariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | encerre | encerres | encerre | encerremos | encerreis | encerrem |
Imperfect | encerrasse | encerrasses | encerrasse | encerrássemos | encerrásseis | encerrassem |
Future | encerrar | encerrares | encerrar | encerrarmos | encerrardes | encerrarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | encerra | encerre | encerremos | encerrai | encerrem | |
Negative (não) | não encerres | não encerre | não encerremos | não encerreis | não encerrem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Spanish
Etymology
From en- + cerrar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /enθeˈraɾ/ [ẽn̟.θeˈraɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /enseˈraɾ/ [ẽn.seˈraɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: en‧ce‧rrar
Verb
encerrar (first-person singular present encierro, first-person singular preterite encerré, past participle encerrado)
- to lock up, to coop up
- Synonym: recluir
- to lock away, put away, to imprison, to nail (in a prison or mental hospital)
- to enclose, to confine, to immure
- to contain, to hold, to include, to encapsulate, to entail
- (games) to stalemate
- (typography) to separate (between brackets, commas)
- (reflexive) to take over; occupy (a building)
- (reflexive) to shut oneself up, to withdraw, to shut away oneself, to shut off oneself, to lock up or lock down oneself, to close off oneself
- (reflexive) to shy away
Conjugation
Conjugation of encerrar (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | encerrar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | encerrando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | encerrado | encerrada | |||||
plural | encerrados | encerradas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | encierro | encierrastú encerrásvos | encierra | encerramos | encerráis | encierran | |
imperfect | encerraba | encerrabas | encerraba | encerrábamos | encerrabais | encerraban | |
preterite | encerré | encerraste | encerró | encerramos | encerrasteis | encerraron | |
future | encerraré | encerrarás | encerrará | encerraremos | encerraréis | encerrarán | |
conditional | encerraría | encerrarías | encerraría | encerraríamos | encerraríais | encerrarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | encierre | encierrestú encerrésvos2 | encierre | encerremos | encerréis | encierren | |
imperfect (ra) | encerrara | encerraras | encerrara | encerráramos | encerrarais | encerraran | |
imperfect (se) | encerrase | encerrases | encerrase | encerrásemos | encerraseis | encerrasen | |
future1 | encerrare | encerrares | encerrare | encerráremos | encerrareis | encerraren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | encierratú encerrávos | encierre | encerremos | encerrad | encierren | ||
negative | no encierres | no encierre | no encerremos | no encerréis | no encierren |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of encerrar (e-ie alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive encerrar | |||||||
dative | encerrarme | encerrarte | encerrarle, encerrarse | encerrarnos | encerraros | encerrarles, encerrarse | |
accusative | encerrarme | encerrarte | encerrarlo, encerrarla, encerrarse | encerrarnos | encerraros | encerrarlos, encerrarlas, encerrarse | |
with gerund encerrando | |||||||
dative | encerrándome | encerrándote | encerrándole, encerrándose | encerrándonos | encerrándoos | encerrándoles, encerrándose | |
accusative | encerrándome | encerrándote | encerrándolo, encerrándola, encerrándose | encerrándonos | encerrándoos | encerrándolos, encerrándolas, encerrándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative encierra | |||||||
dative | enciérrame | enciérrate | enciérrale | enciérranos | not used | enciérrales | |
accusative | enciérrame | enciérrate | enciérralo, enciérrala | enciérranos | not used | enciérralos, enciérralas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative encerrá | |||||||
dative | encerrame | encerrate | encerrale | encerranos | not used | encerrales | |
accusative | encerrame | encerrate | encerralo, encerrala | encerranos | not used | encerralos, encerralas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative encierre | |||||||
dative | enciérreme | not used | enciérrele, enciérrese | enciérrenos | not used | enciérreles | |
accusative | enciérreme | not used | enciérrelo, enciérrela, enciérrese | enciérrenos | not used | enciérrelos, enciérrelas | |
with first-person plural imperative encerremos | |||||||
dative | not used | encerrémoste | encerrémosle | encerrémonos | encerrémoos | encerrémosles | |
accusative | not used | encerrémoste | encerrémoslo, encerrémosla | encerrémonos | encerrémoos | encerrémoslos, encerrémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative encerrad | |||||||
dative | encerradme | not used | encerradle | encerradnos | encerraos | encerradles | |
accusative | encerradme | not used | encerradlo, encerradla | encerradnos | encerraos | encerradlos, encerradlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative encierren | |||||||
dative | enciérrenme | not used | enciérrenle | enciérrennos | not used | enciérrenles, enciérrense | |
accusative | enciérrenme | not used | enciérrenlo, enciérrenla | enciérrennos | not used | enciérrenlos, enciérrenlas, enciérrense |
Derived terms
- encerramiento
- encerrona
- encierro
See also
- encerar
Further reading
- “encerrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014