enamel

English

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ɪˈnæməl/
- Audio (UK) (file)
(General American) IPA^(key): /əˈnæməl/
Rhymes: -æməl

Etymology 1

From Middle English enamel, from Anglo-Norman enamailler, from en- (“in-”) + amailler (“to enamel”), variant of Old French esmailler (“to enamel”), from esmal (“enamel”), from Frankish *smalt, from Proto-Germanic *smeltaną (“to melt, smelt”). Compare German schmelzen, Danish smelte (“to melt”).

Noun

enamel (countable and uncountable, plural enamels)

An opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects.
A coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish.
The hard covering on the exposed part of a tooth.
A cosmetic intended to give the appearance of a smooth and beautiful complexion.

Derived terms

cervical enamel
paper enamel
tooth enamel

Translations

opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects

Armenian: արծնապակի (hy) (arcnapaki)
Bulgarian: емайл (bg) m (emajl)
Catalan: esmalt (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 琺瑯, 珐琅 (faat³ long⁴)
Mandarin: 琺瑯／珐琅 (zh) (fàláng)
Czech: smalt (cs) m
Danish: emalje c
Esperanto: emajlo
Finnish: emali (fi)
French: émail (fr) m, glaçure (fr) f
Galician: esmalte m
German: Email (de) n, Emaille (de) f
Greek: έγκαυστον n (égkafston), σμάλτο (el) n (smálto) (colloquial), εμαγιέ (el) n (emagié) (colloquial)
Hungarian: zománc (hu)
Icelandic: smelt n
Ido: emalio (io)
Irish: cruan (ga) m, amáille f (literary), cruan (ga) m
Italian: smalto (it) m, lacca (it) f
Japanese: 琺瑯 (ja) (ほうろう, hōrō)
Manchu: ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠰᡠ (falasu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: emalje m
Nynorsk: emalje m
Persian: مینا‎ (fa) (minā)
Portuguese: esmalte (pt) m
Romanian: smalț (ro) n
Russian: эма́ль (ru) f (emálʹ)
Scottish Gaelic: cruan m, geiltrigeadh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ѐмајл m, гле̏ђ f
Roman: èmajl (sh), glȅđ (sh)
Sicilian: smartu, lacca
Slovak: smalt
Spanish: esmalte (es) m, enlozado (es)
Swedish: emalj (sv) c
Turkish: emaye (tr)
Ukrainian: ема́ль f (emálʹ)

coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish

Bulgarian: глеч (bg) f (gleč)
Finnish: emali (fi)
French: émail (fr) m
Ido: emalio (io)
Polish: emalia (pl) f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ѐмајл m, гле̏ђ f
Roman: èmajl (sh), glȅđ (sh)
Sicilian: smartatu
Spanish: esmaltado (es) m, esmalte (es) m
Ukrainian: ема́ль f (emálʹ)

covering on the tooth

Arabic: مِينَاء‎ f (mīnāʾ)
Egyptian Arabic: مينا‎ f (minaa)
Armenian: էմալ (hy) (ēmal)
Bulgarian: емайл (bg) m (emajl)
Catalan: esmalt (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 琺瑯質, 珐琅质 (faat³ long⁴ zat¹)
Mandarin: 琺瑯質／珐琅质 (zh) (fàlángzhì)
Czech: sklovina f
Danish: emalje c
Esperanto: emajlo
Finnish: kiille (fi), hammaskiille (fi)
French: émail (fr) m
German: Zahnschmelz (de) m, Schmelz (de) m
Greek: αδαμαντίνη (el) f (adamantíni)
Hungarian: fogzománc (hu)
Icelandic: glerungur (is) m
Ido: emalio (io)
Italian: smalto (it) m
Japanese: 琺瑯質 (ほうろうしつ, hōrōshitsu), エナメル質 (エナメルしつ, enamerushitsu)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: mîna (ku) f
Macedonian: глеѓ f (gleǵ)
Maori: kirimārō
Norwegian:
Bokmål: emalje m
Nynorsk: emalje m
Persian: مینا‎ (fa) (minâ)
Polish: szkliwo (pl) m
Portuguese: esmalte (pt) m
Romanian: smalț (ro) n
Russian: эма́ль (ru) f (emálʹ)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ца̏клина f, гле̏ђ f
Roman: cȁklina (sh) f, glȅđ (sh) f
Sicilian: smartu
Slovak: sklovina
Spanish: esmalte (es) m
Swedish: emalj (sv) c, tandemalj (sv) c
Turkish: mine (tr)
Ukrainian: ема́ль f (emálʹ)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} emajlo
French: ^{(please verify)} émail (fr) m
Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} אמייל‎
Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} email

Etymology 2

From Middle English enamelen, from the noun (see above).

Verb

enamel (third-person singular simple present enamels, present participle (US) enameling or (UK) enamelling, simple past and past participle (US) enameled or (UK) enamelled)

(transitive) To coat or decorate with enamel.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
  Their plumed helmes are wrought with beaten golde,
  Their ſwords enameld, and about their neckes
  Hangs maſſie chaines of golde downe to the waſte,
  In euery part exceding braue and rich.
(transitive) To variegate with colours, as if with enamel.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
  Oft he [the serpent] bowed / His turret crest and sleek enamelled neck.
(transitive) To form a glossy surface like enamel upon.
to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth
(transitive) To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.

Derived terms

enamelware
porcelain enamel
vitreous enamel

Translations

to coat with enamel

Armenian: արծնել (hy) (arcnel), արծնապատել (hy) (arcnapatel)
Bulgarian: емайлирам (bg) (emajliram)
Catalan: esmaltar (ca)
Esperanto: emajli
Finnish: emaloida (fi)
French: émailler (fr)
German: emaillieren (de), schmalten (de)
Greek: βερνικώνω (el) (vernikóno), επισμαλτώνω (el) (epismaltóno)
Hebrew: זיגג‎ (zigég)
Icelandic: lakka
Ido: emaliizar (io)
Interlingua: emailliar
Irish: cruan (ga) m
Italian: smaltare (it)
Portuguese: esmaltar (pt)
Russian: эмалирова́ть (ru) (emalirovátʹ)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: емајли́рати, глеђосати
Roman: emajlírati (sh), gleđosati (sh)
Sicilian: smartari
Slovak: smaltovať
Spanish: esmaltar (es)
Swedish: emaljera (sv)
Turkish: sırlamak (tr), emaylamak (tr)

Anagrams

Leeman, Manele, Melena, manele, melena