elûm

elûm

Akkadian

Root
'-l-y
4 terms

Etymology 1

𒂊𒈝 (elum, “top”) +‎ 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /eˈluːm/

Adjective

elûm (base elī, feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum)

1. upper

   Antonym: 𒆠𒋫 (šaplûm, “lower”)

Alternative forms

• elû, ilû (mn)
• alium (Old Akkadian)
• elium, eliu (Assyrian)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒀭 (AN) 𒀭𒋫 (AN.TA) 𒉏 (NIM)	𒂊𒇻𒌑𒌝 (e-lu-u₂-um) 𒂊𒇷𒌝 (e-li-um) 𒂊𒇻𒌑 (e-lu-u₂)

Related terms

Akkadian terms suffixed with -ī

Etymology 2

Compare the verb elûm (“to go up, arise”).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /eˈluːm/

Adjective

elûm (base eli, feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum)

1. tall, high
2. exalted, proud

Alternative forms

• elium, eliu (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒀭 (AN) 𒀭𒋫 (AN.TA)	𒂊𒇻𒌑𒌝 (e-lu-u₂-um) 𒂊𒇷𒌝 (e-li-um) 𒂊𒇻𒌑 (e-lu-u₂)

Etymology 3

Compare the preposition eli (“on, over”). Cognate with Arabic عَلَى‎ (ʿalā, “to climb”) and Biblical Hebrew עָלָה‎ (ʿālâ, “to ascend”).

Verb

elûm (G, i, durative illi, perfect īteli, preterite īli, imperative eli)

1. to be high, raised up
2. to go up, ascend, move upwards
3. to come up, arrive
4. (mathematics) to be the result

Alternative forms

• elû (non-mimated)
• alûm, alû (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒇯𒁺 (Eₓ(DU₆+DU)) 𒌓𒁺 (E₃) 𒀭𒋫 (AN.TA)	𒂊𒇻𒌝 (e-lu-um)

References

• “elû”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD), Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “elû(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
• Huehnergard, John (2011) A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns