elles
See also: êlles and ellēs
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
Pronoun
elles f pl
- they (female)
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈe.ʎəs/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈe.ʎes/
Pronoun
elles
- they (feminine)
See also
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | ||||
1st person | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu | ||
1st person majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
2nd person | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu | ||
2nd person formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
2nd person very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person masculine | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person feminine | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person neuter | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
plural | ||||||||
1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
2nd person | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
2nd person formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person masculine | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person feminine | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
adverbial | ||||||||
ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | ||||||
locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person. | 3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. |
Danish
Noun
elles c
- indefinite genitive plural of el
French
Etymology
From Old French eles, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛl/, (before a vowel) /ɛl.z‿/
audio (file) - Homophones: aile, ailes, elle, hèle, hèles, hèlent, L
Pronoun
elles f pl (third-person plural, singular elle, accusative les, dative leur, emphatic elles, possessive determiner leur)
- they (female)
- them (female)
Related terms
French personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) | Accusative (direct complement) | Dative (indirect complement) | Locative (at) | Genitive (of) | Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Noun
elles f
- plural of elle
Further reading
- “elles”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- selle
Hungarian
Etymology
el- (“away, off”) + les (“to spy, peep, peek”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛlːɛʃ]
- Hyphenation: el‧les
- Rhymes: -ɛʃ
Verb
elles
- (transitive) to learn by watching, to acquire by (close and often secret) observation (from someone: -tól/-től)
- 1862, Imre Madách, The Tragedy of Man, translation by J.C.W. Horne, Iain MacLeod, and George Szirtes, Scene 1:
- Nehány golyóba összevissza gyúrva, / Most vonzza, űzi és taszítja egymást, / Nehány féregben öntudatra kél, / Míg minden megtelt, míg minden kihűlt, / És megmarad a semleges salak. – / Az ember ezt, ha egykor ellesi, / Vegykonyhájában szintén megteszi.
- That a few spheres this way or that revolve, / That one attracts another or repels, / That in a few worms dawns a consciousness, / Till all be fulfilled and till all grow cold / And only indistinguishable dust remain? / Why, man too, almost, if he should but learn, / Might in his kitchen seethe as good a broth
- Meanwhile this matter, kneaded into globes, / unfolds, attracts, repulses, whirls around, / till in some beast a conscious thought is kindled… / Then all fulfilled and all its heat expended, / indifferent, the neutral dust remains. / One day, man may himself acquire the knack / and plagiarize this crude experiment
- Are now screwed up into these tiny globes / That chase, attract or else repel each other, / Awaking a few worms to consciousness / Till all of space is tilled at last, grows cold, / And only the indifferent slag is left? / If man’s at all observant he’ll concoct / Some hash like this with his poor instruments.
- Meanwhile this matter, kneaded into globes, / unfolds, attracts, repulses, whirls around, / till in some beast a conscious thought is kindled… / Then all fulfilled and all its heat expended, / indifferent, the neutral dust remains. / One day, man may himself acquire the knack / and plagiarize this crude experiment
- That a few spheres this way or that revolve, / That one attracts another or repels, / That in a few worms dawns a consciousness, / Till all be fulfilled and till all grow cold / And only indistinguishable dust remain? / Why, man too, almost, if he should but learn, / Might in his kitchen seethe as good a broth
- Nehány golyóba összevissza gyúrva, / Most vonzza, űzi és taszítja egymást, / Nehány féregben öntudatra kél, / Míg minden megtelt, míg minden kihűlt, / És megmarad a semleges salak. – / Az ember ezt, ha egykor ellesi, / Vegykonyhájában szintén megteszi.
- 1862, Imre Madách, The Tragedy of Man, translation by J.C.W. Horne, Iain MacLeod, and George Szirtes, Scene 1:
Conjugation
conjugation of elles
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | ellesek | ellesel | elles | ellesünk | ellestek | ellesnek |
Def. | ellesem | ellesed | ellesi | ellessük | ellesitek | ellesik | ||
2nd-p. o. | elleslek | ― | ||||||
Past | Indef. | ellestem | ellestél | ellesett | ellestünk | ellestetek | ellestek | |
Def. | ellestem | ellested | elleste | ellestük | ellestétek | ellesték | ||
2nd-p. o. | ellestelek | ― | ||||||
Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | ellesnék | ellesnél | ellesne | ellesnénk | ellesnétek | ellesnének |
Def. | ellesném | ellesnéd | ellesné | ellesnénk (or ellesnők) | ellesnétek | ellesnék | ||
2nd-p. o. | ellesnélek | ― | ||||||
Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | ellessek | elless or ellessél | ellessen | ellessünk | ellessetek | ellessenek |
Def. | ellessem | ellesd or ellessed | ellesse | ellessük | ellessétek | ellessék | ||
2nd-p. o. | ellesselek | ― | ||||||
Infinitive | ellesni | ellesnem | ellesned | ellesnie | ellesnünk | ellesnetek | ellesniük | |
Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
ellesés | elleső | ellesett | ellesendő | ellesve | elleshet |
Further reading
- elles in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Latvian
Noun
elles f
- genitive singular form of elle
- nominative plural form of elle
- vocative plural form of elle
- accusative plural form of elle
Middle English
Alternative forms
- alles, ells, ills, elle
Etymology
From Old English elles, from Proto-West Germanic *alljas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛl(ə)s/
Adjective
elles
- else
Adverb
elles
- else
Conjunction
elles
- else
Descendants
- English: else
- Yola: elles
References
- “elles, adj. (also as noun).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “elles, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “elles, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle French
Pronoun
elles f pl
- they (female).
- them (female).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From eller (“or”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛlːəs/
Adverb
elles
- (conjunctive) else, otherwise
- Det lyt du gjera, elles går dette gale.
- You have to do that, else this will go wrong.
- Det lyt du gjera, elles går dette gale.
References
- “elles” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Portuguese
Pronoun
elles m pl
- Obsolete spelling of eles
Noun
elles m
- Obsolete spelling of eles
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (most of Spain and Latin America) /ˈeʝes/ [ˈe.ʝes]
- IPA(key): (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains) /ˈeʎes/ [ˈe.ʎes]
- IPA(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈeʃes/ [ˈe.ʃes]
- IPA(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈeʒes/ [ˈe.ʒes]
- (most of Spain and Latin America) Rhymes: -eʝes
- (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains) Rhymes: -eʎes
- (Buenos Aires and environs) Rhymes: -eʃes
- (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) Rhymes: -eʒes
- Syllabification: e‧lles
Pronoun
elles
- (gender-neutral, neologism) they (plural). A gender-neutral plural third-person personal pronoun.
- 2019, Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales, Derechos humanos en la Argentina: Informe 2019, Siglo XXI Editores, →ISBN:
- Elles integraron los organismos junto a activistas que si bien no tenían parientes desaparecides se sumaron por trayectorias militantes y profesionales.
- They were part of the organizations along with activists who, although they had no relatives who had disappeared, joined them through militant and professional trajectories.
-
- plural of elle
See also
Spanish personal pronouns
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Noun
elles f pl
- plural of elle
Yola
Etymology
From Middle English elles, from Old English elles, from Proto-West Germanic *alljas.
Adjective
elles
- else
References
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 38