af

See also: AF, aF, A.F., af-, .af, äf, and âf

Translingual

Symbol

af

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Afrikaans.

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eɪ̯ˈɛf/, /æf/
Rhymes: -ɛf, -æf
Homophone: AF

Adverb

af (not comparable)

(postpositive, vulgar, slang, Internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of as fuck.
- 2009 April 6, Kull, Ashley, “Bored af!!!!”, in Twitter‎, archived from the original on 2016-06-14:
  Bored af!!!!
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of after.

Anagrams

F/A, FA, fa

Afar

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔaf, from Proto-Afroasiatic [Term?]. Cognates include Oromo afaan, Somali af and Saho af, furthermore Amharic አፍ (ʾäf) and Arabic فَم‎ (fam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʌf/

Noun

áf m (plural afitté f or afoofá f or afoofí f)

mouth
cutting edge
language

Usage notes

The plural afitté is used in the southern dialects, whereas afoofá and afoofí are used in the northern dialects.

Declension

Declension of áf

absolutive

áf

predicative

áfa

subjective

áf

genitive

aftí

Postpositioned forms
l-case	áfal
k-case	áfak
t-case	áfat
h-case	áfah

Derived terms

afaató
afqaró
aftíyta

References

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “af”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab. Related to English of, off and German ab.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [a], (in the end of a phrase) [ˈæːˀ]

Preposition

af

by
the active part, originator: En roman af Hemingway - A novel by Hemingway
of
indicating connection: Ejeren af huset - The owner of the house
in descriptions: En mand af format - A man of stature; Et hus lavet af træ - A house made of wood
part of: ni ud af ti - nine out of ten
from
of origin: Jeg hørte det af ham - I heard it from him
off
away from: Jeg faldt af cyklen - I fell off the bike
with
caused by: grøn af misundelse - green with envy
out of
motivated by: Han gjorde det af nysgerrighed - He did it out of curiosity

Adverb

af

off
tage sit tøj af - take off one's clothes
of
på grund af - because of

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑf/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: af
Rhymes: -ɑf

Adverb

af

off
(postpositional) off, from (implying motion)
Stomdronken reed de automobilist de weg af.
Totally drunk, the motorist drove off the road.

Inflection

Pronominal adverbs of af

preposition	—
postpositional adv.	af
+ het (it)	eraf
+ dit (this)	hieraf
+ dat (that)	daaraf
+ wat (what)	waaraf
+ iets (something)	ergens af
+ niets (nothing)	nergens af
+ alles (everything)	overal af

Derived terms

afbakenen
afbijten
afbreken, afbraak
afbrokkelen
afdwalen
af en toe
afgeven
afhaken
afhalen
afkalven
afkomen, afkomst
afkopen
afkorten, afkorting
afleggen
afleiden, afleiding
aflopen, afloop
afluisteren
afmaken
afmeten, afmeting
afplatten
afraden
afscheiden
afschuren
afslaan
afslanken
afsluiten
afstaan
afstemmen
afstoten, afstoting
afstraffen
afstuderen
aftreden
aftrekken
afwassen
afwerpen
afwijken
afwijzen
afzetten, afzetting
afzonderen
afzweren

Descendants

Jersey Dutch: âf
Negerhollands: af
→ Indonesian: af

Adjective

af (used only predicatively, comparative meer af, superlative meest af)

finished, done (when working on something)
Het huis is af.
The house is ready.
(games) out, dismissed from play under the rules of the game, e.g. by having been tagged

Synonyms

klaar

Antonyms

onaf

Gothic

Romanization

af

Romanization of 𐌰𐍆

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aːv/
Rhymes: -aːv

Preposition

af

(with dative) off, from
(with dative) of
(with dative) by

Derived terms

af hverju
bíta af sér
brjóta af sér
fara af
gull af manni
súpa seyðið af
fara af stað
koma sér af stað
margur verður af aurum api
samanstanda af
stafa af
af ásettu ráði
út af
út af fyrir sig
hæla sér af
einn af átján
hælast um af

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch af (“off”), from Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈaf]
Hyphenation: af

Noun

af (first-person possessive afku, second-person possessive afmu, third-person possessive afnya)

(medicine, surgery) off; removal.

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aːf/
Rhymes: -aːf

Verb

af

imperative singular of jaf

Mapudungun

Preposition

af (Raguileo spelling)

beside; next to.

References

Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch af, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Adverb

af

off, out, away
of, about

Usage notes

Generally found in combination with a locative adverb such as hier, daer. Also found combined with a verb. In prepositional usage, van was used.

Alternative forms

āve
of

Descendants

Dutch: af
Limburgish: aaf

Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aːv/

Verb

af

first-person singular present indicative of mynet

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ab, whence also Old English æf, af, of (English of), Old Saxon ab, af, Old High German aba, abo (German ab), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af). Compare also au- in Icelandic auvirði.

Preposition

af

of, from, off, by

Descendants

Icelandic: af
Faroese: av
Norn: av
Westrobothnian: åv, å, a
Elfdalian: åv
Old Swedish: af, āf, aff
- Swedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)
Danish: af
Norwegian Bokmål: av

References

“af”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ab.

Preposition

af

of
out

Old Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈaɸ]

Noun

af f (plural aues)

Apocopic form of aue (“bird”)
- c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 97v.
  […] Et q́ deſcéda ſobreſta piedra la uertud de oḿe q́ téga en la mano dieſtra lança ¬ en la ſinieſtra un af traſtornada.
  […] And may over this stone descend the virtue of the man with a spear in his right hand and an upturned bird on his left.

Portuguese

Interjection

af

(Internet slang) afe

Scottish Gaelic

Interjection

af

arf

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔaf-/*yaf-. Cognate with Beja [script needed] (yēf), Oromo afaan and Afar af.

Noun

af m

mouth
language

References

Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “af”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN, page 35

Swedish

Preposition

af

Archaic spelling of av.

Usage notes

Although phased out in the Swedish spelling reform of 1906, this spelling can still be seen in surnames of nobility, such as af Geijerstam and af Wisborg.

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish عفو‎ ('afv), from Arabic عَفْو‎ (ʿafw).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑf/

Noun

af (definite accusative affı, plural aflar)

pardon

Declension

Inflection

Nominative

af

Definite accusative

affı

Singular

Plural

Nominative

af

aflar

Definite accusative

affı

afları

Dative

affa

aflara

Locative

afta

aflarda

Ablative

aftan

aflardan

Genitive

affın

afların

Possessive forms
Nominative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	affım	aflarım
2nd singular	affın	afların
3rd singular	affı	afları
1st plural	affımız	aflarımız
2nd plural	affınız	aflarınız
3rd plural	afları	afları
Definite accusative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	affımı	aflarımı
2nd singular	affını	aflarını
3rd singular	affını	aflarını
1st plural	affımızı	aflarımızı
2nd plural	affınızı	aflarınızı
3rd plural	aflarını	aflarını
Dative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	affıma	aflarıma
2nd singular	affına	aflarına
3rd singular	affına	aflarına
1st plural	affımıza	aflarımıza
2nd plural	affınıza	aflarınıza
3rd plural	aflarına	aflarına
Locative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	affımda	aflarımda
2nd singular	affında	aflarında
3rd singular	affında	aflarında
1st plural	affımızda	aflarımızda
2nd plural	affınızda	aflarınızda
3rd plural	aflarında	aflarında
Ablative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	affımdan	aflarımdan
2nd singular	affından	aflarından
3rd singular	affından	aflarından
1st plural	affımızdan	aflarımızdan
2nd plural	affınızdan	aflarınızdan
3rd plural	aflarından	aflarından
Genitive
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	affımın	aflarımın
2nd singular	affının	aflarının
3rd singular	affının	aflarının
1st plural	affımızın	aflarımızın
2nd plural	affınızın	aflarınızın
3rd plural	aflarının	aflarının

Derived terms

affetmek
affedilmek
affettirmek
affolunmak
genel af

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “af”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Welsh

Alternative forms

a (colloquial)

Pronunciation

(North Wales, standard) IPA^(key): /aːv/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aː/
(South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aːv/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aː/
Rhymes: -aːv

Verb

af

(literary) first-person singular present indicative/future of mynd

Yola

Alternative forms

of, av, ov, o', o, a

Etymology

From Middle English of, from Old English of (“of, from”), an unstressed form of af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab.

Preposition

af

of

Derived terms

o'dicke
o'generale
o'honde
o'hopes
o'lournagh
o'mee
o'noghanes
o'oure
o'ouz
o'sneow
o'thie
o'ye
o'zea

References

Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 22

af

Translingual

Symbol

English

Pronunciation

Adverb

Anagrams

Afar

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

References

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Adverb

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Adjective

Synonyms

Antonyms

Gothic

Romanization

Icelandic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Derived terms

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Maltese

Pronunciation

Verb

Mapudungun

Preposition

References

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Adverb

Usage notes

Alternative forms

Descendants

Further reading

Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

Verb

Old Norse

Etymology

Preposition

Descendants

References

Old Saxon

Etymology

Preposition

Old Spanish

Pronunciation

Noun

Portuguese

Interjection

Scottish Gaelic

Interjection

Somali

Etymology

Noun

References

Swedish

Preposition

Usage notes