aestuo
Latin
FWOTD – 15 December 2014
Etymology
From aestus (“undulating, waving; heat”) + -ō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈaɪs.tu.oː/
Verb
aestuō (present infinitive aestuāre, perfect active aestuāvī, supine aestuātum); first conjugation
- I am in agitation or violent commotion, move to and fro, writhe, rage, toss, boil up, heave.
- c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1097:
- et ramosa tamen cum ventis pulsa vacillans / aestuat in ramos incumbens arboris arbor
- Yet also when a many-branched tree, / beaten by winds, writhes swaying to and fro, pressing 'gainst branches of a neighbour tree
- et ramosa tamen cum ventis pulsa vacillans / aestuat in ramos incumbens arboris arbor
- (of fire) I burn, blaze, rage.
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon 4.263:
- […] aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis
- […] as the rapacious fire blazes in a sealed furnace
- […] aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis
- (of the effect of fire) I am warm or hot, swelter, glow, burn.
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon 1.107:
- […] et cum exustus ager morientibus aestuat herbis / ecce […]
- […] and see, when the scorched land burns with the grasses withering […]
- […] et cum exustus ager morientibus aestuat herbis / ecce […]
- (of water) I rise in waves or billows, surge, whirl, seethe.
- 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.6.4:
- […] ubi Maura semper / aestuat unda
- […] and Moorish wave / that whirls the sand.
- […] ubi Maura semper / aestuat unda
- (figuratively, of emotions) I burn with desire, am agitated or excited, am inflamed, fret.
- 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.2.55:
- quod ubi auditum est aestuare illi qui pecuniam dederant
- And when this was known, they began to fret who had paid the money.
- quod ubi auditum est aestuare illi qui pecuniam dederant
- (figuratively, of emotions) I vacillate, hesitate, am in doubt or undecided.
- c. 95 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 10.7.33:
- sic anceps inter utrumque animus aestuat […]
- Consequently, the mind will waver in doubt between the two alternatives […]
- sic anceps inter utrumque animus aestuat […]
Inflection
Conjugation of aestuo (first conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | aestuō | aestuās | aestuat | aestuāmus | aestuātis | aestuant |
imperfect | aestuābam | aestuābās | aestuābat | aestuābāmus | aestuābātis | aestuābant | |
future | aestuābō | aestuābis | aestuābit | aestuābimus | aestuābitis | aestuābunt | |
perfect | aestuāvī | aestuāvistī | aestuāvit | aestuāvimus | aestuāvistis | aestuāvērunt, aestuāvēre | |
pluperfect | aestuāveram | aestuāverās | aestuāverat | aestuāverāmus | aestuāverātis | aestuāverant | |
future perfect | aestuāverō | aestuāveris | aestuāverit | aestuāverimus | aestuāveritis | aestuāverint | |
passive | present | aestuor | aestuāris, aestuāre | aestuātur | aestuāmur | aestuāminī | aestuantur |
imperfect | aestuābar | aestuābāris, aestuābāre | aestuābātur | aestuābāmur | aestuābāminī | aestuābantur | |
future | aestuābor | aestuāberis, aestuābere | aestuābitur | aestuābimur | aestuābiminī | aestuābuntur | |
perfect | aestuātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | aestuātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | aestuātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | aestuem | aestuēs | aestuet | aestuēmus | aestuētis | aestuent |
imperfect | aestuārem | aestuārēs | aestuāret | aestuārēmus | aestuārētis | aestuārent | |
perfect | aestuāverim | aestuāverīs | aestuāverit | aestuāverimus | aestuāveritis | aestuāverint | |
pluperfect | aestuāvissem | aestuāvissēs | aestuāvisset | aestuāvissēmus | aestuāvissētis | aestuāvissent | |
passive | present | aestuer | aestuēris, aestuēre | aestuētur | aestuēmur | aestuēminī | aestuentur |
imperfect | aestuārer | aestuārēris, aestuārēre | aestuārētur | aestuārēmur | aestuārēminī | aestuārentur | |
perfect | aestuātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | aestuātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | aestuā | — | — | aestuāte | — |
future | — | aestuātō | aestuātō | — | aestuātōte | aestuantō | |
passive | present | — | aestuāre | — | — | aestuāminī | — |
future | — | aestuātor | aestuātor | — | — | aestuantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | aestuāre | aestuāvisse | aestuātūrus esse | aestuārī | aestuātus esse | aestuātum īrī | |
participles | aestuāns | — | aestuātūrus | — | aestuātus | aestuandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
nominative | genitive | dative/ablative | accusative | accusative | ablative | ||
aestuāre | aestuandī | aestuandō | aestuandum | aestuātum | aestuātū |
Derived terms
- abaestuō
- adaestuō
- aestuābundus
- aestuāns
- aestuātiō
- exaestuō
- inaestuō
- interaestuō
Related terms
- aestās
- aestifer
- aestīvālis
- aestīvē
- aestīvus
- aestuārium
- aestuōsus
- aestus
References
- aestuo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- aestuo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- aestuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette