aestas

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *aissāts, with the suffix -tāt-s restored via analogy. The root is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”), and has cognates in Latin aestus, perhaps aedis, Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)), Old English ād (“pyre”). The noun suffix is from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.

De Vaan criticizes a prevalent simple etymology from *h₂e-h₂idʰ-teh₂t-s (with an i-reduplicated root) as unfounded, also observing -dʰt- becomes -ss- in Latin rather than -st-, preferring instead *h₂eydʰ-teh₂ts > Proto-Italic *aissāt-s, which then had the suffix -t- consonant restored.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈae̯s.taːs/, [ˈäe̯s̠t̪äːs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.tas/, [ˈɛst̪äs]
Rhymes: -aːs

Noun

aestās f (genitive aestātis); third declension

summer

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	aestās	aestātēs
Genitive	aestātis	aestātum
Dative	aestātī	aestātibus
Accusative	aestātem	aestātēs
Ablative	aestāte	aestātibus
Vocative	aestās	aestātēs

Derived terms

aestīvus

Related terms

aestus

Descendants

Dalmatian:
- instuat
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: estate (learned), istate, state
- Sicilian: astati
North Italian:
- Friulian: istât, instât
- Romansch: stad, sted
- Venetian: istà
Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: estet, ested, esté
  - French: été
- Walloon: esté
Occitano-Romance:
- Old Occitan: estat
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: istade (Logudorese), stadi (Campidanese)

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aestās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
“aestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“aestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
aestas in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “aestas”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 229