aestas
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *aissāts, with the suffix -tāt-s restored via analogy. The root is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”), and has cognates in Latin aestus, perhaps aedis, Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)), Old English ād (“pyre”). The noun suffix is from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.
De Vaan criticizes a prevalent simple etymology from *h₂e-h₂idʰ-teh₂t-s (with an i-reduplicated root) as unfounded, also observing -dʰt- becomes -ss- in Latin rather than -st-, preferring instead *h₂eydʰ-teh₂ts > Proto-Italic *aissāt-s, which then had the suffix -t- consonant restored.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈae̯s.taːs/, [ˈäe̯s̠t̪äːs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.tas/, [ˈɛst̪äs]
- Rhymes: -aːs
Noun
aestās f (genitive aestātis); third declension
- summer
Declension
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | aestās | aestātēs |
Genitive | aestātis | aestātum |
Dative | aestātī | aestātibus |
Accusative | aestātem | aestātēs |
Ablative | aestāte | aestātibus |
Vocative | aestās | aestātēs |
Derived terms
- aestīvus
Related terms
- aestus
Descendants
- Dalmatian:
- instuat
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: estate (learned), istate, state
- Sicilian: astati
- North Italian:
- Friulian: istât, instât
- Romansch: stad, sted
- Venetian: istà
- Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: estet, ested, esté
- French: été
- Walloon: esté
- Old French: estet, ested, esté
- Occitano-Romance:
- Old Occitan: estat
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: istade (Logudorese), stadi (Campidanese)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aestās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
- “aestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “aestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- aestas in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
- in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “aestas”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 229