effero
Latin
FWOTD – 11 September 2014
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈef.fe.roː/, [ˈɛfːɛroː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈef.fe.ro/, [ˈɛfːero]
Etymology 1
From ex- (“out of”) + ferō (“carry, bear”).
Alternative forms
- ecferō
- exferō
Verb
efferō (present infinitive efferre, perfect active extulī, supine ēlātum); third conjugation, irregular
- I bring, bear, carry, take out, forth, away; transport.
- I carry out (of the house) for burial, bear to the grave, bury.
- I bring forth, bear, produce, yield.
- I emit, discharge, release, send out, send or bring forth.
- I lift up, elevate, raise, exalt; display; rescue.
- (figuratively) I set forth, spread abroad, utter, publish, proclaim, pronounce, express, declare, divulge, make known.
- Caesar, de Bello Gallico VII, 1:
- Priusquam eorum clandestina consilia efferantur
- Before their secret plan be divulged
- Priusquam eorum clandestina consilia efferantur
- (figuratively, usually passive) I carry away, transport, hurry or sweep away.
- (figuratively) I raise, elevate, exalt, extol.
- (figuratively, of speech or writing) I exaggerate, aggrandize, embellish, increase.
- (figuratively, with se) I elevate myself; rise, advance.
- (figuratively, with se) I am puffed up, I am made haughty or proud.
- (figuratively, rare) I carry out to the end, support, endure.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of efferō (third conjugation, irregular, suppletive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | efferō | effers | effert | efferimus | effertis | efferunt |
| imperfect | efferēbam | efferēbās | efferēbat | efferēbāmus | efferēbātis | efferēbant | |
| future | efferam | efferēs | efferet | efferēmus | efferētis | efferent | |
| perfect | extulī | extulistī | extulit | extulimus | extulistis | extulērunt, extulēre | |
| pluperfect | extuleram | extulerās | extulerat | extulerāmus | extulerātis | extulerant | |
| future perfect | extulerō | extuleris | extulerit | extulerimus | extuleritis | extulerint | |
| passive | present | efferor | efferris, efferre | effertur | efferimur | efferiminī | efferuntur |
| imperfect | efferēbar | efferēbāris, efferēbāre | efferēbātur | efferēbāmur | efferēbāminī | efferēbantur | |
| future | efferar | efferēris, efferēre | efferētur | efferēmur | efferēminī | efferentur | |
| perfect | ēlātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | ēlātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | ēlātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | efferam | efferās | efferat | efferāmus | efferātis | efferant |
| imperfect | efferrem | efferrēs | efferret | efferrēmus | efferrētis | efferrent | |
| perfect | extulerim | extulerīs | extulerit | extulerīmus | extulerītis | extulerint | |
| pluperfect | extulissem | extulissēs | extulisset | extulissēmus | extulissētis | extulissent | |
| passive | present | efferar | efferāris, efferāre | efferātur | efferāmur | efferāminī | efferantur |
| imperfect | efferrer | efferrēris, efferrēre | efferrētur | efferrēmur | efferrēminī | efferrentur | |
| perfect | ēlātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | ēlātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | effer | — | — | efferte | — |
| future | — | effertō | effertō | — | effertōte | efferuntō | |
| passive | present | — | efferre | — | — | efferiminī | — |
| future | — | effertor | effertor | — | — | efferuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | efferre | extulisse | ēlātūrum esse | efferrī | ēlātum esse | ēlātum īrī | |
| participles | efferēns | — | ēlātūrus | — | ēlātus | efferendus, efferundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| efferendī | efferendō | efferendum | efferendō | ēlātum | ēlātū | ||
Synonyms
- (carry, transport): ferō, portō, vehō, gerō, trahō, asportō, trānsportō, trānsferō, trānsvehō, ēvehō
- (send forth): ēmittō, iaciō, mittō, praefero, profero
- (lift): levō, ēlevō, allevō, ērigō, excellō, tollō, ēvehō, scandō, surgō, sublīmō, ēdō
- (make known): ostendo, propono, prodo
Antonyms
- (lift): abiciō, deicio
Derived terms
- ēlātē
- elātiō
- ēlātus
Related terms
- adferō / afferō
- auferō
- circumferō
- cōnferō
- dēferō
- differō
- ferō
- īnferō
- interferō
- intrōferō
- offerō
- perferō
- postferō
- praeferō
- praeterferor
- prōferō
- referō
- sufferō
- trānsferō
Descendants
- → English: elate
Etymology 2
From efferus (“wild, savage”) + -ō.
Alternative forms
- ecferō
Verb
efferō (present infinitive efferāre, perfect active efferāvī, supine efferātum); first conjugation
- (transitive) I make wild or savage, brutalize, barbarize.
- Antonyms: mītigō, lēniō
- (transitive) I make fierce, infuriate, madden.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of efferō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | efferō | efferās | efferat | efferāmus | efferātis | efferant |
| imperfect | efferābam | efferābās | efferābat | efferābāmus | efferābātis | efferābant | |
| future | efferābō | efferābis | efferābit | efferābimus | efferābitis | efferābunt | |
| perfect | efferāvī | efferāvistī | efferāvit | efferāvimus | efferāvistis | efferāvērunt, efferāvēre | |
| pluperfect | efferāveram | efferāverās | efferāverat | efferāverāmus | efferāverātis | efferāverant | |
| future perfect | efferāverō | efferāveris | efferāverit | efferāverimus | efferāveritis | efferāverint | |
| passive | present | efferor | efferāris, efferāre | efferātur | efferāmur | efferāminī | efferantur |
| imperfect | efferābar | efferābāris, efferābāre | efferābātur | efferābāmur | efferābāminī | efferābantur | |
| future | efferābor | efferāberis, efferābere | efferābitur | efferābimur | efferābiminī | efferābuntur | |
| perfect | efferātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | efferātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | efferātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | efferem | efferēs | efferet | efferēmus | efferētis | efferent |
| imperfect | efferārem | efferārēs | efferāret | efferārēmus | efferārētis | efferārent | |
| perfect | efferāverim | efferāverīs | efferāverit | efferāverīmus | efferāverītis | efferāverint | |
| pluperfect | efferāvissem | efferāvissēs | efferāvisset | efferāvissēmus | efferāvissētis | efferāvissent | |
| passive | present | efferer | efferēris, efferēre | efferētur | efferēmur | efferēminī | efferentur |
| imperfect | efferārer | efferārēris, efferārēre | efferārētur | efferārēmur | efferārēminī | efferārentur | |
| perfect | efferātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | efferātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | efferā | — | — | efferāte | — |
| future | — | efferātō | efferātō | — | efferātōte | efferantō | |
| passive | present | — | efferāre | — | — | efferāminī | — |
| future | — | efferātor | efferātor | — | — | efferantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | efferāre | efferāvisse | efferātūrum esse | efferārī | efferātum esse | efferātum īrī | |
| participles | efferāns | — | efferātūrus | — | efferātus | efferandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| efferandī | efferandō | efferandum | efferandō | efferātum | efferātū | ||
Derived terms
- efferāscō
- efferātē
- efferātiō
- efferātus
- efferus
Related terms
- efferitās
- fera
- fericulus
- ferīnus
- feritās
- ferus
- sēmifer
Descendants
- → English: efferate
Etymology 3
Inflected form of efferus (“very wild, fierce or savage”).
Adjective
efferō
- dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of efferus
References
- “effero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “effero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- effero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges
- to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost): funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
- Fortune exalts a man, makes him conspicuous: fortuna aliquem effert
- to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity: rebus secundis efferri
- to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
- to extol, laud to the skies: laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere
- to divulge, make public: efferre or edere aliquid in vulgus
- to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
- to be beside oneself with joy: gaudio, laetitia efferri
- to behave arrogantly: insolentius se efferre
- to be carried away by one's anger: iracundia efferri
- to never set foot out of doors: domo pedem non efferre
- to cross the threshold: pedem limine efferre
- the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges