-DZIL
Navajo
Etymology
From Proto-Athabaskan *dzəl (“to be solid, firm, thick”). Compare also Navajo dziil (“strength”) and dził (“mountain”).
Root
-DZIL
1. to make an effort, to strain
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | motion | S is straining, makes an effort
| |||||
| d | S is straining
|
2. to be strong, to firm
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ł | operative | S stiffens
| |||||
| ł | adjectival | S is strong, firm, able to endure P
| |||||
| Ø | adjectival | S is strong
|
Stem set
| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOM | -dzííł | -dzil | -dził | -dził | -dzííł |
| CONT | -dzil | -dzil | -dził | -dził | -dzil |
| DUR | -dził | -dzil | -dził | -dził | -dził |
| NEUT | -dzil | - | - | - | - |
| NEUT | -dziil | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -DZIL (strong)