dziesma
See also: dziesmā
Latvian
Dziesma
Etymology
From the same stem as dziedāt (q.v.), i.e., either from an earlier verb *dziet, or directly from a stem like *gied-, with an extra -s + -ma. Cognates include Lithuanian giesmė̃ (“spiritual, solemn song”). A connection between dziesma and gaisma (“light”) has been suggested, given the similarity between their basic Proto-Indo-European stems (*gēy- “to sing, to call, to shout” and *gʰēy- “shiny, bright”) and the idea of saluting the dawn: an original verb *gēy-t(e)y may have meant both “to become light” and “to salute the light (by singing)” (cf. also gailis (“cock, rooster”), a word also possibly related to gaisma and dziesma).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dziɛ̂sma]
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Noun
dziesma f (4th declension)
- song (piece of vocal music with lyrics)
- solo dziesma ― solo song
- kora dziesma ― choir song
- masu dziesma ― mass song, hymn
- liriski romantiska dziesma ― lyric romantic song
- šūpļa dziesma, šūpuļdziesma ― lullaby (lit. cradle song)
- dziesmas teksts ― lyrics (lit. song text)
- dziesmas melodija ― song melody
- tautas dziesma ― folk song
- dziesmu krājums ― song collection
- dziesmu svētki ― song festival
- dziesmu grāmata ― song book, hymn book, hymnal
- dziesma bez vārdiem ― song without lyrics (instrumental music)
- (of birds, some insects) song (melodious sounds produced by the male to find and attract females)
- klausīties lakstīgalas dziesmā ― to listen to the nightingale song
- gaiļa dziesma ― cockcrow (lit. rooster song)
- circeņa dziesma ― cricket song
- (poetic) noise made by air, water, vibrating objects
- vēja dziesma ― the song of the wind
- kuļmašīna sāka dūkt, un tās gaudulīgā dziesma Silāres laukos neapklusa līdz pat pusdienlaikam ― the thresher began to hum, and its plaintive song didn't go silent in the fields of Silāre until noon
Declension
Declension of dziesma (4th declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | dziesma | dziesmas |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | dziesmu | dziesmas |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | dziesmas | dziesmu |
| dative (datīvs) | dziesmai | dziesmām |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | dziesmu | dziesmām |
| locative (lokatīvs) | dziesmā | dziesmās |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | dziesma | dziesmas |
Related terms
- dziedājums
- dziedāt
- dziedātājs, dziedātāja
- dziedonis, dziedone
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “dziesma”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN