dychryn
Welsh
Alternative forms
- dychrynu (verb)
Etymology
From dy- + crŷn (“trembling, shaking”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdəχrɨ̞n/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdəχrɪn/
Verb
dychryn (first-person singular present dychrynaf)
- (intransitive) to fear, to be frightened
- Synonyms: ofni, arswydo
- (transitive) to frighten, to scare
- Synonym: brawychu
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | dychrynaf | dychryni | dychryn, dychryna | dychrynwn | dychrynwch | dychrynant | dychrynir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | dychrynwn | dychrynit | dychrynai | dychrynem | dychrynech | dychrynent | dychrynid | |
| preterite | dychrynais | dychrynaist | dychrynodd | dychrynasom | dychrynasoch | dychrynasant | dychrynwyd | |
| pluperfect | dychrynaswn | dychrynasit | dychrynasai | dychrynasem | dychrynasech | dychrynasent | dychrynasid, dychrynesid | |
| present subjunctive | dychrynwyf | dychrynych | dychryno | dychrynom | dychrynoch | dychrynont | dychryner | |
| imperative | — | dychryn, dychryna | dychryned | dychrynwn | dychrynwch | dychrynent | dychryner | |
| verbal noun | dychryn | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | dychrynedig dychrynadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | dychryna i, dychrynaf i | dychryni di | dychrynith o/e/hi, dychryniff e/hi | dychrynwn ni | dychrynwch chi | dychrynan nhw |
| conditional | dychrynwn i, dychrynswn i | dychrynet ti, dychrynset ti | dychrynai fo/fe/hi, dychrynsai fo/fe/hi | dychrynen ni, dychrynsen ni | dychrynech chi, dychrynsech chi | dychrynen nhw, dychrynsen nhw |
| preterite | dychrynais i, dychrynes i | dychrynaist ti, dychrynest ti | dychrynodd o/e/hi | dychrynon ni | dychrynoch chi | dychrynon nhw |
| imperative | — | dychryna | — | — | dychrynwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- dychrynllyd (“frightful, terrifying”)
Noun
dychryn m (plural dychryniadau)
- fright, terror, fear
- Synonyms: braw, arswyd, ofn
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| dychryn | ddychryn | nychryn | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dychryn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies