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单词 dust
释义

dust

See also: Dust and ďüst

English

Etymology

From Middle English dust, doust, from Old English dūst (“dust, dried earth reduced to powder; other dry material reduced to powder”), from the fusion of Proto-Germanic *dustą (“dust”) and *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”), both from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”).

Cognate with Scots dust, dist (“dust”), Dutch duist (“pollen, dust”) and dons (“down, fuzz”), German Dust (“dust”) and Dunst (“haze”), Swedish dust (“dust”), Icelandic dust (“dust”), Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”). Also related to Swedish dun (“down, fluff”), Icelandic dúnn (“down, fluff”). See down.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʌst/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌst
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Homophone: dost

Noun

dust (countable and uncountable, plural dusts)

  1. Fine particles
    1. (uncountable) Fine, dry particles of matter found in the air and covering the surface of objects, typically consisting of soil lifted up by the wind, pollen, hair, etc.
      • 2022 September 7, “East-West track laying heads westwards”, in RAIL, number 965, page 37, photo caption:
        There is so much dust released during the process of laying ballast that the trackside operator wears a full face mask with respirator.
    2. (astronomy, uncountable) Submicron particles in outer space, largely silicates and carbon compounds, that contribute greatly to extinction at visible wavelengths.
      • 2020 June 29, Paun Rincon, “Betelgeuse: Nearby 'supernova' star's dimming explained”, in BBC News:
        Astronomers have previously considered that dust produced by the star was obscuring it, causing the steep decline in brightness.
    3. (obsolete) A single particle of earth or other material.
      • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iii]:
        to touch a dust of England's ground
  2. (countable) The act of cleaning by dusting.
    • 2010, Joan Busfield, Michael Paddon, Thinking About Children: Sociology and Fertility in Post-War England (page 150)
      […] once they start school, I mean you can do a room out one day, the next day it only needs a dust, doesn't it?
  3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Job 7:21:
      For now shall I sleep in the dust.
  4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body.
    • 1833 (date written)​, Alfred Tennyson, “St. Simeon Stylites”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, OCLC 1008064829, page 62:
      For I will leave my relics in your land, / And you may carve a shrine about my dust, / And burn a fragrant lamp before my bones, / When I am gather'd to the glorious saints.
  5. (figurative) Something worthless.
    • c. 1596, William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i]:
      And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust.
  6. (figurative) A low or mean condition.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 1 Samuel 2:8:
      [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust.
  7. (slang, dated) cash; money (in reference to gold dust).
    • 1852, George Colvocoresses, Four Years in a Government Exploring Expedition:
      'And what do you ask for it?' 'Fifteen thousand dollars.' 'I'll take it.' 'Then down with the dust.'
  8. (colloquial) A disturbance or uproar.
    to raise, or kick up, a dust
  9. (mathematics) A totally disconnected set of points with a fractal structure.

Derived terms

  • angel dust
  • antidust
  • Asian dust
  • beat the dust
  • bedust
  • bite the dust
  • bull dust, bulldust
  • bust the dust
  • Cantor dust
  • catch dust
  • coaldust
  • collect dust
  • copple dust
  • cosmic dust
  • cupel dust
  • devil's dust
  • dhobi dust
  • diamond dust
  • dry as dust
  • dust bag
  • dustball
  • dustbath, dust bath
  • dustbathe
  • dustbin, dust bin
  • Dust Bowl
  • dustbowl, dust bowl
  • dust box
  • dust-brand
  • dustbrush
  • dust bunny
  • dust buster
  • dust cap
  • dustcart
  • dust cart
  • dust cloth
  • dustcloud
  • dustcoat
  • dust-collector
  • dust-colored, dust-coloured
  • dust contractor
  • dust cover
  • dustcover
  • dust devil
  • dust filter
  • dust-free, dustfree
  • dust heap of history
  • dust hole, dusthole
  • dust jacket
  • dustless
  • dustlike
  • dustman
  • dust mask
  • dust mite
  • dustmote
  • dust mouse
  • dust-off
  • dust-out
  • dustpan
  • dustpile
  • dustproof
  • dust-ridden
  • dust ruffle
  • dust settles
  • dustsheet
  • dust storm
  • duststorm
  • dust trap
  • dust-up
  • dustwoman
  • dustwrapper
  • dusty
  • eat my dust
  • eat someone's dust
  • eraser dust
  • fairy dust
  • feather-dust
  • fig-dust
  • fugitive dust
  • gather dust
  • gold-dust
  • gold dust
  • goofer dust
  • jack-of-the-dust
  • kick up dust
  • kiss the dust
  • lay the dust
  • leave for dust
  • leave someone in the dust
  • lick the dust
  • make the dust fly
  • malt dust
  • milldust
  • nanodust
  • nondust
  • not see someone for dust
  • pixie dust
  • sawdust
  • shake off the dust from one's feet
  • sleepy-dust
  • sleepy dust
  • small rain lays great dust
  • smart dust, smartdust
  • smelter dust
  • stardust
  • termination dust
  • throw dust in someone's eyes
  • turn to dust
  • van Stockum dust
  • whoofle dust, woofle dust
  • zodiacal dust

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

dust (third-person singular simple present dusts, present participle dusting, simple past and past participle dusted)

  1. (transitive) To remove dust from.
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:
      There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs, […], and all these articles […] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.
    The cleaning lady needs a stool to dust the cupboard.
  2. (intransitive) To remove dust; to clean by removing dust.
    Dusting always makes me cough.
  3. (intransitive) Of a bird, to cover itself in sand or dry, dusty earth.
  4. (transitive) To spray or cover something with fine powder or liquid.
    The mother dusted her baby's bum with talcum powder.
  5. (chiefly US slang) To leave; to rush off.
    • 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, page 75:
      He added in a casual tone: ‘The girl can dust. I'd like to talk to you a little, soldier.’
  6. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate.
    • 1667, Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal Society of London:
      good Powder differs from bad […] in having more Peter and less Coal; and lastly, in the well dusting of it
  7. (slang) To kill.
    • 1984, The Terminator, Los Angeles, Calif.: Orion Pictures; distributed by MGM Home Entertainment, published 1984, spoken by Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn):
      Kyle Reese: You have to be careful because the [Hunter-Killer robots] use infrared. They're not too bright. John taught us ways to dust them.

Derived terms

  • dust bunny
  • dust down
  • duster
  • dust off
  • dust up
  • dust someone's jacket
  • undust

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

  • vacuum cleaner

Anagrams

  • UDTs, duts, stud

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse dust.

Noun

dust n (genitive singular dusts, uncountable)

  1. dust

Declension

Declension of dust (singular only)
n3ssingular
indefinitedefinite
nominativedustdustið
accusativedustdustið
dativedustidustinum
genitivedustsdustsins

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse dust.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʏst/
  • Rhymes: -ʏst

Noun

dust n (genitive singular dusts, no plural)

  1. dust
    Synonyms: ryk, duft

Declension

declension of dust
n-ssingular
indefinitedefinite
nominativedustdustið
accusativedustdustið
dativedustidustinu
genitivedustsdustsins

Middle English

Alternative forms

  • doust, duste, doste, dyste

Etymology

Forms with a long vowel are from Old English dūst, from Proto-Germanic *dunstą. Forms with a short vowel are from Old English *dust, from Proto-Germanic *dustą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dust/, /duːst/

Noun

dust (uncountable)

  1. dust, powder
  2. dirt, grit
  3. (figurative) iota, modicum
  • dusten (rare)
  • dusty

Descendants

  • English: dust
  • Scots: dust, dist

References

  • “dū̆st, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Back-formation of dustet, from Old Norse dust (dust particle)

Noun

dust m (definite singular dusten, indefinite plural duster, definite plural dustene)

  1. (derogatory) dork, moron, fool
Synonyms
  • dustemikkel
  • tomsing
  • tosk
  • tufs
  • støv

Etymology 2

From Old Norse dust.

Noun

dust f or m (definite singular dusta or dusten, indefinite plural duster, definite plural dustene)

  1. dust (fine, dry particles)

References

  • “dust” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse dust (dust particle), compare with dustete.

Noun

dust m (definite singular dusten, indefinite plural dustar, definite plural dustane)

  1. (derogatory) dork, moron, fool
Synonyms
  • dustemikkel
  • tomsing
  • tosk
  • tufs
  • støv

Etymology 2

From Old Norse dust.

Noun

dust f (definite singular dusta, indefinite plural duster, definite plural dustene)

  1. dust (fine, dry particles)

References

  • “dust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dunstą (“dust, vapour”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“vapour, smoke”). Akin to Hindi धुआं (dhuā̃, “smoke”), Middle Dutch dost, donst, duust (Dutch dons, duist), Old High German tunst, dunst (German Dunst), Low German dust, Icelandic dust, Norwegian dust, Danish dyst.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /duːst/

Noun

dūst n

  1. dust; powder; mill dust

Declension

Declension of dust (strong a-stem)
CaseSingularPlural
nominativedūstdūst
accusativedūstdūst
genitivedūstesdūsta
dativedūstedūstum

Descendants

  • Middle English: dust, doust
    • English: dust
    • Scots: dust, dist

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dustą.

Noun

dust n

  1. dust particle

Descendants

  • Icelandic: dust
  • Faroese: dust
  • Norwegian: dust
  • Swedish: dust
  • Danish: dyst

References

  • “dust”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From English dust.

Noun

dust m (genitive singular dust, no plural)

  1. dust

Usage notes

  • Also used figuratively for corpse.

Synonyms

  • duslach
  • stùr

Derived terms

  • dustach
  • dustaig
  • dustair

Swedish

Noun

dust c

  1. a joust
  2. (figuratively) a (minor) verbal or physical confrontation, a bout, a tussle, a run-in

Declension

Declension of dust 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativedustdustendusterdusterna
Genitivedustsdustensdustersdusternas

References

  • dust in Svensk ordbok (SO)
  • dust in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
  • dust in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Zazaki

Noun

dust c

  1. side; one half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.
  2. to level

Derived terms

  • dustê
  • dusta
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