dunc
Latin
Etymology
From a crossing of tunc (“then”) with dum (“while”), likely facilitated by the resemblance of dum to tum, a synonym and close relative of tunc. Attested in several inscriptions.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /dunk/, [d̪ʊŋk]
Adverb
dunc (not comparable) (Late Latin)
- then
Reconstruction notes
Judging by the widespread sense of 'thus' among Romance descendants, Von Wartburg supposes that dunc already had that sense as well. Löfsted demonstrated that dum was used in that sense in Late Latin.
Numerous descendants reflect the addition of a prefix /a(d)/ or an adverbial suffix /(a)s/.
Derived terms
- *dunquam
Descendants
- Dalmatian:
- duanc
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche (all archaic)
- Arcevia: donga
- Viareggio: donca
- Neapolitan: adonca
- Sicilian: dunca, addunca, nunca, annunca, dunchi
- Italian: donca, addonca, dunche, adunche (all archaic)
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: dónca
- Lombard: donca
- Piedmontese: donca, donch
- Friulian: doncje, dončhe
- Venetian: donca
- →? Ladin: donca
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: donc, adonc
- Oïl:
- Angevin: don, adon
- Bourguignon: don, aidon
- Gallo: don, adon
- Norman: doun
- Old French: dunc, adonc
- French: donc
- Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: doncs, donques, donces
- Occitan: donc, adonc, doncas, adoncas, donca
- Ibero-Romance:
- Navarro-Aragonese: doncas
- Old Spanish: doncas
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: duncas, adduncas, ducas, adducas
References
- “doncs” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “dunc”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 215
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “dunc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3: D–F, page 179
Old French
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin dunc. Compare donkes.
Adverb
dunc
- (often Anglo-Norman) then