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单词 dum
释义

dum

See also: dúm, dùm, düm, dům, đùm, -dum, and d'um

Translingual

Symbol

dum

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch.

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʌm/
  • Homophone: dumb
  • Rhymes: -ʌm

Etymology 1

From Hindi दम (dam).

Adjective

dum (not comparable)

  1. (India, cooking) cooked with steam
  • dumpoke

Interjection

dum

  1. Syllable used when humming a tune.
    • 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor
      I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.

Adjective

dum

  1. (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.

Adjective

dum (not comparable)

  1. Pronunciation spelling of damn.

See also

etymologically unrelated terms
  • ba-dum ching
  • ba dum tish
  • ba dum tss
  • dum-dum
  • dum dum
  • dum dum bullet
  • Tweedle-dum

Anagrams

  • DMU, MUD, UMD, mud

Balinese

Etymology

From Old Javanese dum.

Verb

dum

  1. to divide

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dom/, [d̥ɔmˀ]
  • Rhymes: -ɔm

Adjective

dum

  1. stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim
  2. foolish, silly, daft

Inflection

Inflection of dum
PositiveComparativeSuperlative
Common singulardumdummeredummest2
Neuter singulardumtdummeredummest2
Pluraldummedummeredummest2
Definite attributive1dummedummeredummeste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin dum.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [dum]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Hyphenation: dum

Preposition

dum

  1. for
    Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj. ― I will be in the USA for two years.
  2. during
  3. while
  4. whereas

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dum/

Preposition

dum

  1. during, in (a period of time)
    Il esis absenta dum tri yari. ― He was absent for three years.

Derived terms

  • dume (“meanwhile, meantime”)

Javanese

Etymology

From Old Javanese dum.

Verb

dum

  1. to divide

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dom, from Proto-Indo-European *dom. Compare dōnec from same source.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /dum/, [d̪ʊ̃ˑ]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /dum/, [d̪um]
  • Audio (Classical)(file)

Conjunction

dum

  1. (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until
    Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū
    • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon III.284–285:
      fugit inreparabile tempus
      singula dum capti circumvectamur amore
      Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.
    • 16 BCE, Ovid, Amores 1.11.15:
      Dum loquor, hōra fugit.
      While I speak, the hour flees away.
    Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulce canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.
    dum erunt homines ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)
  2. (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during
    Synonym: quamdiū
  3. (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
  4. (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that
    Synonym: dummodo
    Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit 2:4:
      tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte utdum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum
      And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.

Usage notes

Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.

Derived terms

  • agedum
  • dūdum
  • dum interim
  • dummodo
  • interdum
  • mānedum
  • nōndum

Descendants

  • Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres

References

  • “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • dum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    • as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
    • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
  • dum in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Maia

Adjective

dum

  1. wet

Middle English

Adjective

dum

  1. Alternative form of dumb

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Adjective

dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)

  1. foolish
  2. stupid, silly

Derived terms

  • dumhet

References

  • “dum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

Adjective

dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)

  1. foolish
  2. stupid, silly

References

  • “dum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Alternative forms

  • dun

Etymology

From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.

Noun

dum m

  1. down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags

Descendants

  • Middle French: dun
  • Norman: dùn
  • ⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect
    • Norman: dumet, deumet
    • ⇒ Old French: duvet
      • Middle French: duvet
        • French: duvet
          • → English: duvet
      • Norman: duvet

Old Irish

Noun

dum

  1. Alternative form of daum

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
dumdum
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/		ndum
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Javanese

Noun

dum

  1. part

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dum/
  • Rhymes: -um
  • Syllabification: dum

Noun

dum f

  1. genitive plural of duma

Portuguese

Alternative forms

  • d'um (dated)

Etymology

From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ũ

Contraction

dum (feminine duma, masculine plural duns, feminine plural dumas)

  1. Contraction of de um (“of/from a (masculine)”).

Usage notes

  • The contraction of de + um / uma is never obligatory and sometimes associated with spoken language. In a few cases it is not possible:
  1. When de is part of a preposition, as in em vez de:[1]
    Em vez de um escalão ter três anos, ...
  2. When um is a numeral:
    Trata-se de um ou dois dias.

References

  1. http://portuguese.stackexchange.com/questions/1573/quando-combinar-a-preposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-com-os-artigos-indefinidos/1574

Salar

Alternative forms

  • dumu

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tum-.

Pronunciation

  • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /tum/
  • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumu/
  • (Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumɨ/, /tomɨ/

Noun

dum

  1. to settle, precipitate (weather)
    Asman dumsa yağmur yağar.
    If sky coulds up, it rains.

Derived terms

  • duman (“fog”)
  • dumqın (“precipitated (weather)”)

References

  • 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “ɑsmɑn dumsɑ jɑʁmur jɑʁɑr”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, OCLC 17467570, page 66
  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “tum, tumu, tumy, tomy”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 513, 522-523
  • Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “dum-”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 93
  • 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “asman dumqïn gün”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 260
  • Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “dum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 82

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.

Adjective

dum

  1. stupid; dumb
    Synonym: hoolich
  2. blindly
  3. dizzy

Derived terms

  • Dumstolt

References

  • Marron C. Fort (2015), “dum”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɵmː/
  • audio(file)

Adjective

dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)

  1. stupid, dumb
    Du är inte så dum som du ser ut
    You're not as stupid as you look
  2. causing trouble or annoyance
    Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.
    It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.
    En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt
    A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)
  3. (childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty
    Han var dum mot mig!
    He was mean to me!
    Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum
    Mom told Olle to stop being naughty

Declension

Inflection of dum
IndefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative2
Common singulardumdummaredummast
Neuter singulardumtdummaredummast
Pluraldummadummaredummast
Masculine plural3dummedummaredummast
DefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative
Masculine singular1dummedummaredummaste
Alldummadummaredummaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Derived terms

  • dum i huvudet
  • dum i skallen
  • dumbom
  • dumdristig
  • dumdryg
  • dumhet
  • dumhuvud
  • dumskalle

Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem.

Noun

dum

  1. night

Uzbek

Other scripts
Cyrillicдум (dum)‍
Latindum‍
Perso-Arabic

Etymology

From Persian دم‎ (dom).

Noun

dum (plural dumlar)

  1. tail
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