duine
Afrikaans
Noun
duine
- plural of duin
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).
The plural daoine is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/
Noun
duine m (genitive singular duine, nominative plural daoine)
- person, human being
- one (in reference to human beings)
- Tá ceathrar páistí aige; tá duine acu tinn.
- He has four children; one of them is sick.
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Synonyms
- neach
Derived terms
- bainistíocht daoine
- duine ar iarraidh
- duineata
- duiniúil
- neamhdhuine
- osduine
- seanduine
Related terms
- daonna (“human; humane, kindly”, adjective)
- duineatacht (“humaneness, kindliness”)
- duiniúlacht (“humanity, kindliness”)
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| duine | dhuine | nduine |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “duine”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 66.
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 44
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 34
Middle English
Verb
duine
- Alternative form of dwynen
Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”).
Noun
duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)
- person
Derived terms
- dóen
Descendants
- Irish: duine
- Manx: dooinney
- Scottish Gaelic: duine
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| duine | duine pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/, later /ɣ(ʲ)-/ | nduine |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also dú (“place, spot”)).
Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”), Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).
The plural doíni is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) generally reconstructed as Proto-Celtic *dowenis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdunʲe/
Noun
duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)
- person. human being
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17d23
- arná{m}·tomnad námmin duine sed deus
- that he should not suppose that I am a human but a god
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 134d3
- Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n‑anduch, air is fechtnach a n‑andach mani erthroítar húa Día.
- You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil people, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17d23
Declension
| Masculine io-stem, masculine i-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | duine | — | doíniH |
| Vocative | duiniL | — | doíniH |
| Accusative | duineN | — | doíniH |
| Genitive | duiniL | — | doíneN |
| Dative | duiniuL | — | doínib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: duine
- Irish: duine
- Manx: dooinney
- Scottish Gaelic: duine
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| duine | duine pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ | nduine |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt̪ɯɲə/
- (Eastern Highlands) IPA(key): /t̪ɯɲ/
Noun
duine m (genitive singular duine, plural daoine)
- man
- person, body, individual
- 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:
- Duine gun mhath gun chron, is motha a chron na a mhath. ― A man that's neither good nor ill is more ill than good.
- 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:
- husband
- one
- Is fheudar dha duine a-riamh a dh'aithneachadh na thathar a' dèanamh le fhèin an duine. ― One must always know what one is doing with oneself.
- Chan eil fios aig duine a riamh. ― One never knows.
Derived terms
- duine dubh (“Negro”)
- duin'-eigin (“somebody (male)”)
- nuair a thig air duine, thig air uile (“it never rains but it pours”)
- saor-dhuine (“freeman”)
Mutation
| Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition |
| duine | dhuine |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “duine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language