dudula
Xhosa
Verb
-dudula?
- (transitive) to push
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-dudula?
- (transitive) to push away
- (transitive) to repel, to repulse, to beat back, to drive back
Inflection
Tone unknown | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukududula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukududula | ukungaduduli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | dudula | -dudule | |||||||
Plural | dudulani | -duduleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyadudula, ngidudula | engidudulayo, engidudula | ngidudula | angiduduli | engingaduduli | ngingaduduli | |||
2nd singular | uyadudula, ududula | odudulayo, odudula | ududula | awududuli | ongaduduli | ungaduduli | |||
1st plural | siyadudula, sidudula | esidudulayo, esidudula | sidudula | asiduduli | esingaduduli | singaduduli | |||
2nd plural | niyadudula, nidudula | enidudulayo, enidudula | nidudula | aniduduli | eningaduduli | ningaduduli | |||
Class 1 | uyadudula, ududula | odudulayo, odudula | edudula | akaduduli | ongaduduli | engaduduli | |||
Class 2 | bayadudula, badudula | abadudulayo, abadudula | bedudula | abaduduli | abangaduduli | bengaduduli | |||
Class 3 | uyadudula, ududula | odudulayo, odudula | ududula | awududuli | ongaduduli | ungaduduli | |||
Class 4 | iyadudula, idudula | edudulayo, edudula | idudula | ayiduduli | engaduduli | ingaduduli | |||
Class 5 | liyadudula, lidudula | elidudulayo, elidudula | lidudula | aliduduli | elingaduduli | lingaduduli | |||
Class 6 | ayadudula, adudula | adudulayo, adudula | edudula | awaduduli | angaduduli | engaduduli | |||
Class 7 | siyadudula, sidudula | esidudulayo, esidudula | sidudula | asiduduli | esingaduduli | singaduduli | |||
Class 8 | ziyadudula, zidudula | ezidudulayo, ezidudula | zidudula | aziduduli | ezingaduduli | zingaduduli | |||
Class 9 | iyadudula, idudula | edudulayo, edudula | idudula | ayiduduli | engaduduli | ingaduduli | |||
Class 10 | ziyadudula, zidudula | ezidudulayo, ezidudula | zidudula | aziduduli | ezingaduduli | zingaduduli | |||
Class 11 | luyadudula, lududula | olududulayo, olududula | lududula | alududuli | olungaduduli | lungaduduli | |||
Class 14 | buyadudula, bududula | obududulayo, obududula | bududula | abududuli | obungaduduli | bungaduduli | |||
Class 15 | kuyadudula, kududula | okududulayo, okududula | kududula | akududuli | okungaduduli | kungaduduli | |||
Class 17 | kuyadudula, kududula | okududulayo, okududula | kududula | akududuli | okungaduduli | kungaduduli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidudulile, ngidudulē | engidudulile, engidudulē | ngidudulile, ngidudulē | angidudulanga | engingadudulanga | ngingadudulanga | |||
2nd singular | ududulile, ududulē | odudulile, odudulē | ududulile, ududulē | awududulanga | ongadudulanga | ungadudulanga | |||
1st plural | sidudulile, sidudulē | esidudulile, esidudulē | sidudulile, sidudulē | asidudulanga | esingadudulanga | singadudulanga | |||
2nd plural | nidudulile, nidudulē | enidudulile, enidudulē | nidudulile, nidudulē | anidudulanga | eningadudulanga | ningadudulanga | |||
Class 1 | ududulile, ududulē | odudulile, odudulē | edudulile, edudulē | akadudulanga | ongadudulanga | engadudulanga | |||
Class 2 | badudulile, badudulē | abadudulile, abadudulē | bedudulile, bedudulē | abadudulanga | abangadudulanga | bengadudulanga | |||
Class 3 | ududulile, ududulē | odudulile, odudulē | ududulile, ududulē | awududulanga | ongadudulanga | ungadudulanga | |||
Class 4 | idudulile, idudulē | edudulile, edudulē | idudulile, idudulē | ayidudulanga | engadudulanga | ingadudulanga | |||
Class 5 | lidudulile, lidudulē | elidudulile, elidudulē | lidudulile, lidudulē | alidudulanga | elingadudulanga | lingadudulanga | |||
Class 6 | adudulile, adudulē | adudulile, adudulē | edudulile, edudulē | awadudulanga | angadudulanga | engadudulanga | |||
Class 7 | sidudulile, sidudulē | esidudulile, esidudulē | sidudulile, sidudulē | asidudulanga | esingadudulanga | singadudulanga | |||
Class 8 | zidudulile, zidudulē | ezidudulile, ezidudulē | zidudulile, zidudulē | azidudulanga | ezingadudulanga | zingadudulanga | |||
Class 9 | idudulile, idudulē | edudulile, edudulē | idudulile, idudulē | ayidudulanga | engadudulanga | ingadudulanga | |||
Class 10 | zidudulile, zidudulē | ezidudulile, ezidudulē | zidudulile, zidudulē | azidudulanga | ezingadudulanga | zingadudulanga | |||
Class 11 | lududulile, lududulē | olududulile, olududulē | lududulile, lududulē | alududulanga | olungadudulanga | lungadudulanga | |||
Class 14 | bududulile, bududulē | obududulile, obududulē | bududulile, bududulē | abududulanga | obungadudulanga | bungadudulanga | |||
Class 15 | kududulile, kududulē | okududulile, okududulē | kududulile, kududulē | akududulanga | okungadudulanga | kungadudulanga | |||
Class 17 | kududulile, kududulē | okududulile, okududulē | kududulile, kududulē | akududulanga | okungadudulanga | kungadudulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngādudula | engādudula | ngādudula | angidudulanga | engingadudulanga | ngingadudulanga | |||
2nd singular | wādudula | owādudula | wādudula | awududulanga | ongadudulanga | ungadudulanga | |||
1st plural | sādudula | esādudula | sādudula | asidudulanga | esingadudulanga | singadudulanga | |||
2nd plural | nādudula | enādudula | nādudula | anidudulanga | eningadudulanga | ningadudulanga | |||
Class 1 | wādudula | owādudula | ādudula | akadudulanga | ongadudulanga | engadudulanga | |||
Class 2 | bādudula | abādudula | bādudula | abadudulanga | abangadudulanga | bengadudulanga | |||
Class 3 | wādudula | owādudula | wādudula | awududulanga | ongadudulanga | ungadudulanga | |||
Class 4 | yādudula | eyādudula | yādudula | ayidudulanga | engadudulanga | ingadudulanga | |||
Class 5 | lādudula | elādudula | lādudula | alidudulanga | elingadudulanga | lingadudulanga | |||
Class 6 | ādudula | ādudula | ādudula | awadudulanga | angadudulanga | engadudulanga | |||
Class 7 | sādudula | esādudula | sādudula | asidudulanga | esingadudulanga | singadudulanga | |||
Class 8 | zādudula | ezādudula | zādudula | azidudulanga | ezingadudulanga | zingadudulanga | |||
Class 9 | yādudula | eyādudula | yādudula | ayidudulanga | engadudulanga | ingadudulanga | |||
Class 10 | zādudula | ezādudula | zādudula | azidudulanga | ezingadudulanga | zingadudulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwādudula | olwādudula | lwādudula | alududulanga | olungadudulanga | lungadudulanga | |||
Class 14 | bādudula | obādudula | bādudula | abududulanga | obungadudulanga | bungadudulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwādudula | okwādudula | kwādudula | akududulanga | okungadudulanga | kungadudulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwādudula | okwādudula | kwādudula | akududulanga | okungadudulanga | kungadudulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingadudula | — | ngingadudula | ngingedudule | — | ngingedudule | |||
2nd singular | ungadudula | — | ungadudula | ungedudule | — | ungedudule | |||
1st plural | singadudula | — | singadudula | singedudule | — | singedudule | |||
2nd plural | ningadudula | — | ningadudula | ningedudule | — | ningedudule | |||
Class 1 | angadudula | — | engadudula | angedudule | — | engedudule | |||
Class 2 | bangadudula | — | bengadudula | bangedudule | — | bengedudule | |||
Class 3 | ungadudula | — | ungadudula | ungedudule | — | ungedudule | |||
Class 4 | ingadudula | — | ingadudula | ingedudule | — | ingedudule | |||
Class 5 | lingadudula | — | lingadudula | lingedudule | — | lingedudule | |||
Class 6 | angadudula | — | engadudula | angedudule | — | engedudule | |||
Class 7 | singadudula | — | singadudula | singedudule | — | singedudule | |||
Class 8 | zingadudula | — | zingadudula | zingedudule | — | zingedudule | |||
Class 9 | ingadudula | — | ingadudula | ingedudule | — | ingedudule | |||
Class 10 | zingadudula | — | zingadudula | zingedudule | — | zingedudule | |||
Class 11 | lungadudula | — | lungadudula | lungedudule | — | lungedudule | |||
Class 14 | bungadudula | — | bungadudula | bungedudule | — | bungedudule | |||
Class 15 | kungadudula | — | kungadudula | kungedudule | — | kungedudule | |||
Class 17 | kungadudula | — | kungadudula | kungedudule | — | kungedudule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizodudula | engizodudula | ngizodudula | angizududula | engingezududula | ngingezududula | |||
2nd singular | uzodudula | ozodudula | uzodudula | awuzududula | ongezududula | ungezududula | |||
1st plural | sizodudula | esizodudula | sizodudula | asizududula | esingezududula | singezududula | |||
2nd plural | nizodudula | enizodudula | nizodudula | anizududula | eningezududula | ningezududula | |||
Class 1 | uzodudula | ozodudula | ezodudula | akazududula | ongezududula | engezududula | |||
Class 2 | bazodudula | abazodudula | bezodudula | abazududula | abangezududula | bengezududula | |||
Class 3 | uzodudula | ozodudula | uzodudula | awuzududula | ongezududula | ungezududula | |||
Class 4 | izodudula | ezodudula | izodudula | ayizududula | engezududula | ingezududula | |||
Class 5 | lizodudula | elizodudula | lizodudula | alizududula | elingezududula | lingezududula | |||
Class 6 | azodudula | azodudula | ezodudula | awazududula | angezududula | engezududula | |||
Class 7 | sizodudula | esizodudula | sizodudula | asizududula | esingezududula | singezududula | |||
Class 8 | zizodudula | ezizodudula | zizodudula | azizududula | ezingezududula | zingezududula | |||
Class 9 | izodudula | ezodudula | izodudula | ayizududula | engezududula | ingezududula | |||
Class 10 | zizodudula | ezizodudula | zizodudula | azizududula | ezingezududula | zingezududula | |||
Class 11 | luzodudula | oluzodudula | luzodudula | aluzududula | olungezududula | lungezududula | |||
Class 14 | buzodudula | obuzodudula | buzodudula | abuzududula | obungezududula | bungezududula | |||
Class 15 | kuzodudula | okuzodudula | kuzodudula | akuzududula | okungezududula | kungezududula | |||
Class 17 | kuzodudula | okuzodudula | kuzodudula | akuzududula | okungezududula | kungezududula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyodudula | engiyodudula | ngiyodudula | angiyududula | engingeyududula | ngingeyududula | |||
2nd singular | uyodudula | oyodudula | uyodudula | awuyududula | ongeyududula | ungeyududula | |||
1st plural | siyodudula | esiyodudula | siyodudula | asiyududula | esingeyududula | singeyududula | |||
2nd plural | niyodudula | eniyodudula | niyodudula | aniyududula | eningeyududula | ningeyududula | |||
Class 1 | uyodudula | oyodudula | eyodudula | akayududula | ongeyududula | engeyududula | |||
Class 2 | bayodudula | abayodudula | beyodudula | abayududula | abangeyududula | bengeyududula | |||
Class 3 | uyodudula | oyodudula | uyodudula | awuyududula | ongeyududula | ungeyududula | |||
Class 4 | iyodudula | eyodudula | iyodudula | ayiyududula | engeyududula | ingeyududula | |||
Class 5 | liyodudula | eliyodudula | liyodudula | aliyududula | elingeyududula | lingeyududula | |||
Class 6 | ayodudula | ayodudula | eyodudula | awayududula | angeyududula | engeyududula | |||
Class 7 | siyodudula | esiyodudula | siyodudula | asiyududula | esingeyududula | singeyududula | |||
Class 8 | ziyodudula | eziyodudula | ziyodudula | aziyududula | ezingeyududula | zingeyududula | |||
Class 9 | iyodudula | eyodudula | iyodudula | ayiyududula | engeyududula | ingeyududula | |||
Class 10 | ziyodudula | eziyodudula | ziyodudula | aziyududula | ezingeyududula | zingeyududula | |||
Class 11 | luyodudula | oluyodudula | luyodudula | aluyududula | olungeyududula | lungeyududula | |||
Class 14 | buyodudula | obuyodudula | buyodudula | abuyududula | obungeyududula | bungeyududula | |||
Class 15 | kuyodudula | okuyodudula | kuyodudula | akuyududula | okungeyududula | kungeyududula | |||
Class 17 | kuyodudula | okuyodudula | kuyodudula | akuyududula | okungeyududula | kungeyududula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidudule | ngingaduduli | |||||||
2nd singular | ududule | ungaduduli | |||||||
1st plural | sidudule | singaduduli | |||||||
2nd plural | nidudule | ningaduduli | |||||||
Class 1 | adudule | angaduduli | |||||||
Class 2 | badudule | bangaduduli | |||||||
Class 3 | ududule | ungaduduli | |||||||
Class 4 | idudule | ingaduduli | |||||||
Class 5 | lidudule | lingaduduli | |||||||
Class 6 | adudule | angaduduli | |||||||
Class 7 | sidudule | singaduduli | |||||||
Class 8 | zidudule | zingaduduli | |||||||
Class 9 | idudule | ingaduduli | |||||||
Class 10 | zidudule | zingaduduli | |||||||
Class 11 | lududule | lungaduduli | |||||||
Class 14 | bududule | bungaduduli | |||||||
Class 15 | kududule | kungaduduli | |||||||
Class 17 | kududule | kungaduduli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngadudula | ngangadudula, angadudula, angangadudula | |||||||
2nd singular | wadudula | wangadudula, awadudula, awangadudula | |||||||
1st plural | sadudula | sangadudula, asadudula, asangadudula | |||||||
2nd plural | nadudula | nangadudula, anadudula, anangadudula | |||||||
Class 1 | wadudula | wangadudula, akadudula, akangadudula | |||||||
Class 2 | badudula | bangadudula, abadudula, abangadudula | |||||||
Class 3 | wadudula | wangadudula, awadudula, awangadudula | |||||||
Class 4 | yadudula | yangadudula, ayadudula, ayangadudula | |||||||
Class 5 | ladudula | langadudula, aladudula, alangadudula | |||||||
Class 6 | adudula | angadudula, awadudula, awangadudula | |||||||
Class 7 | sadudula | sangadudula, asadudula, asangadudula | |||||||
Class 8 | zadudula | zangadudula, azadudula, azangadudula | |||||||
Class 9 | yadudula | yangadudula, ayadudula, ayangadudula | |||||||
Class 10 | zadudula | zangadudula, azadudula, azangadudula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwadudula | lwangadudula, alwadudula, alwangadudula | |||||||
Class 14 | badudula | bangadudula, abadudula, abangadudula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwadudula | kwangadudula, akwadudula, akwangadudula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwadudula | kwangadudula, akwadudula, akwangadudula |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “dudula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dudula (3.2.9)”