adumbro

adumbro

Latin

Etymology

From ad- (“to, towards, at”) +‎ umbrō (“shade, shadow, cover”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /aˈdum.broː/, [äˈd̪ʊmbroː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /aˈdum.bro/, [äˈd̪umbro]

Verb

adumbrō (present infinitive adumbrāre, perfect active adumbrāvī, supine adumbrātum); first conjugation

1. I bring a shadow over something, cast a shadow on, shade or overshadow something, cover, screen.
2. (especially in painting) I represent an object with light and shade, shade.
3. (especially in painting) I represent something only in outline, sketch in shadow, silhouette, outline, sketch.
4. I imitate, copy, counterfeit.
   • 55 BCE, Cicero, De Oratore 2.47:

     Qua re nolite existimare me ipsum, qui non heroum veteres casus fictosque luctus velim imitari atque adumbrare dicendo neque actor sim alienae personae […]

     Do not therefore imagine that I, who had no desire to imitate or represent the calamities or fictitious sorrows of the heroes of antiquity in my speech, and was no actor of a foreign and personated part […]

Conjugation

Conjugation of adumbrō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	adumbrō	adumbrās	adumbrat	adumbrāmus	adumbrātis	adumbrant
	imperfect	adumbrābam	adumbrābās	adumbrābat	adumbrābāmus	adumbrābātis	adumbrābant
	future	adumbrābō	adumbrābis	adumbrābit	adumbrābimus	adumbrābitis	adumbrābunt
	perfect	adumbrāvī	adumbrāvistī	adumbrāvit	adumbrāvimus	adumbrāvistis	adumbrāvērunt, adumbrāvēre
	pluperfect	adumbrāveram	adumbrāverās	adumbrāverat	adumbrāverāmus	adumbrāverātis	adumbrāverant
	future perfect	adumbrāverō	adumbrāveris	adumbrāverit	adumbrāverimus	adumbrāveritis	adumbrāverint
passive	present	adumbror	adumbrāris, adumbrāre	adumbrātur	adumbrāmur	adumbrāminī	adumbrantur
	imperfect	adumbrābar	adumbrābāris, adumbrābāre	adumbrābātur	adumbrābāmur	adumbrābāminī	adumbrābantur
	future	adumbrābor	adumbrāberis, adumbrābere	adumbrābitur	adumbrābimur	adumbrābiminī	adumbrābuntur
	perfect	adumbrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	adumbrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	adumbrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	adumbrem	adumbrēs	adumbret	adumbrēmus	adumbrētis	adumbrent
	imperfect	adumbrārem	adumbrārēs	adumbrāret	adumbrārēmus	adumbrārētis	adumbrārent
	perfect	adumbrāverim	adumbrāverīs	adumbrāverit	adumbrāverīmus	adumbrāverītis	adumbrāverint
	pluperfect	adumbrāvissem	adumbrāvissēs	adumbrāvisset	adumbrāvissēmus	adumbrāvissētis	adumbrāvissent
passive	present	adumbrer	adumbrēris, adumbrēre	adumbrētur	adumbrēmur	adumbrēminī	adumbrentur
	imperfect	adumbrārer	adumbrārēris, adumbrārēre	adumbrārētur	adumbrārēmur	adumbrārēminī	adumbrārentur
	perfect	adumbrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	adumbrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	adumbrā	—	—	adumbrāte	—
	future	—	adumbrātō	adumbrātō	—	adumbrātōte	adumbrantō
passive	present	—	adumbrāre	—	—	adumbrāminī	—
	future	—	adumbrātor	adumbrātor	—	—	adumbrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		adumbrāre	adumbrāvisse	adumbrātūrum esse	adumbrārī	adumbrātum esse	adumbrātum īrī
participles		adumbrāns	—	adumbrātūrus	—	adumbrātus	adumbrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		adumbrandī	adumbrandō	adumbrandum	adumbrandō	adumbrātum	adumbrātū

Derived terms

• adumbrātim
• adumbrātiō

Related terms

• inumbrō
• obumbrō
• umbrō

Descendants

• Aromanian: aumbredz, aumbrari
• Catalan: aombrar
• English: adumbrate
• Italian: adombrare
• Romanian: adumbri

References

• “adumbro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “adumbro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• adumbro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to sketch the ideal of an orator: imaginem perfecti oratoris adumbrare
    
  • to roughly sketch a thing: adumbrare aliquid (Or. 14. 43)
    
  • to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...)