draugs
English
Noun
draugs
- plural of draug
Anagrams
- Dagurs, Dugars, Guards, durags, gradus, guards
Icelandic
Noun
draugs
- indefinite genitive singular of draugur
Latgalian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be second”). Cognates include Latvian draugs and Lithuanian draugas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdràu̯ks]
- Hyphenation: draugs
Noun
draugs m (diminutive draudzeņš)
- friend
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | draugs | draugi |
| genitive | drauga | draugu |
| dative | draugam | draugim |
| accusative | draugu | draugus |
| instrumental | draugu | draugim |
| locative | draugā | draugūs |
| vocative | draug | draugi |
Hyponyms
- draudzine (“female friend”)
References
- A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 11
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 112
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be other, to be second”). From the meaning “other, second,” two main meanings evolved: “friend” and “enemy, evil” (cf. the evolution of Latin hostis from “stranger” to “enemy” and hospes from “stranger” to “host”). In the Baltic and Slavic languages, only the “friend” meaning eventually survived. The older meaning of “other, second” for Latvian draugs is still sporadically attested in folk songs (draugs vīrs (“another man”); cf. also dialectal drauga bērns (“stepchild”)).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [drà͜ʊks̪]
| (file) |
Noun
draugs m (1st declension, feminine form: draudzene)
- friend (a person with whom one has a friendship)
- bernības, skolas draugs ― childhood, school friend
- tuvs draugs ― close friend
- sirsnīgi draugi ― sincere friends
- būt draugu pulkā ― to be in a circle of friends
- būt draugos ― to be frends (lit. in friends) (with someone)
- laulātais draugs ― husband (lit. married friend)
- dzīves, mūža draugs ― husband (lit. life friend; poetic)
- mājas draugs ― friend of the house (someone who visits frequently)
- laimei vajadzīgs draugs, ar ko būtu daudz kā kopīga: gan sapņi un prieks, gan uzskati un rūpes ― for happiness a friend is necessary, with whom there would be a lot in common: dreams and joys, opinions and concerns
- Ints un Zints dzīvo vienā mājā, mācās vienā skolā, vienā klasē un sēž vienā solā; abi saucas par draugiem un turas kopā kā divi dadži ― Ints and Zints live in the same house, study in the same class in the same school, and sit in the same bench; both call themselves friends and keep together like two thistles
- (of animals) friend (an animal with whom one has friendly relations; an animal which behaves in a friendly way towards people or other animals)
- četrkājainais draugs ― four-legged friend
- zēns ar suni bija nešķirami draugi ― the boy and the dog were inseparable friends
- abi kaķi bija draugi ― the two cats were friends
- (of people) friend, admirer, lover (of something)
- dabas draugs ― a friend, lover of nature
- mūzikas draugi ― music lovers
- grāmatu draugi ― book lovers
- kino draugu klubs ― cinema lovers club
Declension
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | draugs | draugi |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | draugu | draugus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | drauga | draugu |
| dative (datīvs) | draugam | draugiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | draugu | draugiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | draugā | draugos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | draugs | draugi |
Derived terms
- draudzība
- draudzīgs, draudzīgums
Related terms
- draudzēties
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “draugs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN