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单词 draft
释义

draft

English

Etymology

A phonetic spelling of draught (compare laughter), from Middle English draught, draght (“that which is pulled; that which is drawn up, a design”), from Old English *dreaht, *dræht, from Proto-West Germanic *drahti, *drahtu, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz (“a pulling, drawing”), equivalent to draw (“to draw, drag”) +‎ -t. Cognate with Dutch dracht, German Tracht, Icelandic dráttur.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /dɹɑːft/
    Rhymes: -ɑːft
  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /dɹæft/
    Rhymes: -æft
    Audio (US)(file)

Noun

draft (countable and uncountable, plural drafts)

  1. A current of air, usually coming into a room or vehicle.
  2. The draw through a flue of gasses (smoke) resulting from a combustion process.
  3. An act of drinking.
  4. The quantity of liquid (such as water, alcohol, or medicine) drunk in one swallow.
    Synonyms: swig; see also Thesaurus:drink
    to drink at a draft
    She took a deep draft from the bottle of water.
  5. A dose (of medicine, alcohol, etc.)
  6. Beer drawn from a cask or keg rather than a bottle or can.
  7. (nautical) The depth of water needed to float a particular ship; the depth from the waterline to the bottom of a vessel's hull; the depth of water drawn by a vessel.
  8. An early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing.
    I have to revise the first draft of my term paper.
    His first drafts were better than most authors' final products.
  9. A preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.
  10. A cheque, an order for money to be paid.
  11. (usually with the) Conscription, the system of forcing people to serve in the military.
    He left the country to avoid the draft.
  12. (politics) A system of forcing or convincing people to take an elected position.
  13. (sports) A system of assigning rookie players to professional sports teams.
  14. (rail transport) The pulling force (tension) on couplers and draft gear during a slack stretched condition.
  15. The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, so that it can be drawn from the sand without damaging the mould.
  16. (possibly archaic) The action or an act (especially of a beast of burden or vehicle) of pulling something along or back.
    • 1988, Kenneth W. Russell, Afther Eden, page 39:
      In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in the U.S., "strong" ploughs requiring the draft of four and sometimes six oxen were frequently used for breaking land which had previously lain fallow for several years.
    using oxen for draft
    shot forth an arrow with a mighty draft
  17. (possibly archaic) The act of drawing in a net for fish.
  18. (possibly archaic) That which is drawn in; a catch, a haul.
    He cast his net, which brought him a very great draft.
  19. A quantity that is requisitioned or drawn out from a larger population.
    • 1841, Alexander Walker, Intermarriage, page 325:
      As an instance: amongst a draft of young hounds from Earl F itzwilliam's was one, of whom Will Deane, his huntsman, made this remark in his letter, 'that he could not guess at Lord Foley's dislike to the hound called Glider, then sent, which was of the best blood in the country, being got by Mr. Meynell's Glider out of Lord Fitzwilliam's Blossom, and was moreover the most promising young hound he had ever entered;...
    • 1904, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Sessional papers. Inventory control record 1 - Volume 42, page 83:
      These drafts left between the 17th March and 28th April. After this there was no regular system of artillery drafts. A draft of 80 was detailed to take charge of horses on board ship as all cavalry drafts were for the time exhausted, and this draft sailed on the 30th June.
    • 1982, John Maxwell, Brian Edmund Lloyd, Bertha Mac Smith, Letters of John Maxwell, Superintendent of Government Stock, page 206:
      The Complaint about the Beef lately furnished for the use of the Troops &c at Parramatta, is not without foundation; when I commenced supplying the several Stations with animal food in January last, — a Draft of very fat Oxen was brought from Wellington for that purpose, — that draft has met the consumption of several Stations until now. — the Cattle lately remaining fell very much off in condition, though I certainly consider they were not inferior to a great deal of Beef, I have seen taken from Contractors.
    • 1993, Lord Anglesey, A History of the British Cavalry 1816-1919: Volume 2: 1851-1871:
      An earlier draft of horses for the 4th Light Dragoons, however,was very different.
    • 2009, Philip Warner, A Cavalryman in the Crimea:
      The Light Brigade have got a draft of about 250 horses from England, and we expect ours shortly.

Derived terms

  • air draft
  • backdraft
  • bank draft
  • banker's draft
  • deep draft
  • demand draft
  • downdraft
  • draft animal
  • draft-bar
  • draft board
  • draft card
  • draft dodger
  • draft excluder
  • draft horse
  • draft house
  • draft-quality
  • draft stop
  • sight draft
  • updraft

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

draft (third-person singular simple present drafts, present participle drafting, simple past and past participle drafted)

  1. (transitive) To write a first version, make a preliminary sketch.
  2. To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing.
  3. To write a law.
  4. (transitive) To conscript a person, force a person to serve in some capacity, especially in the military.
    He was drafted during the Vietnam War.
  5. To select someone (or something) for a particular role or purpose.
    There was a campaign to draft Smith to run for President.
    They drafted me to be the chairperson of the new committee.
    • 1960 May, “Southern Newsreel”, in Trains Illustrated, page 315, photo caption:
      Class "H16" 4-6-2T No. 30516 has been drafted to the Fawley branch and is here seen working a 747-ton test train across Frost Lane crossing, near Hythe, on March 6 [...].
  6. To select and separate an animal or animals from a group.
    The calves were drafted from the cows.
  7. (transitive, sports) To select a rookie player onto a professional sports team.
    After his last year of college football, he was drafted by the Miami Dolphins.
  8. (transitive, intransitive) To follow very closely (behind another vehicle), thereby providing an aerodynamic advantage to both lead and follower and conserving energy or increasing speed.
    Synonym: slipstream
    • 2020 September 13, Andrew Benson, “Tuscan Grand Prix: Lewis Hamilton claims 90th win after incredible race”, in BBC Sport‎:
      At the restart, the positions of the Mercedes drivers was reversed. Hamilton drafted Bottas down to Turn One and took the lead around the outside, controlling the race from there.
  9. To draw out; to call forth.
  10. To draw fibers out of a clump, for spinning in the production of yarn.

Derived terms

  • draft in

Translations

to select someone for a particular role or purpose
to draw out; to call forth — See also translations at draw out,‎ call forth

Adjective

draft (not comparable)

  1. (not comparable) Referring to drinks on tap, in contrast to bottled.
    I'd rather have a fresh, cheap draft beer.
  2. Referring to animals used for pulling heavy loads.
    A Clydesdale is a draft horse.

Translations

  • draw

Further reading

  • draft in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • draft in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

French

Etymology

From English draft.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʁaft/

Noun

draft m or f (plural drafts)

  1. (sports) draft

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English draw.

Noun

draft n (definite singular draftet, indefinite plural draft or drafter, definite plural drafta or draftene)

  1. nautical chart

Usage notes

Although this word is in common use, it is noted as a misnomer, see references.

Synonyms

  • sjøkart
  • kystkart

References

  • “draft” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English draw.

Noun

draft n (definite singular draftet, indefinite plural draft, definite plural drafta)
draft f (definite singular drafta, indefinite plural drafter, definite plural draftene)

  1. nautical chart

Usage notes

Although this word is in common use, it is noted as a misnomer, see Bokmål references.

Synonyms

  • sjøkart
  • kystkart

References

  • “draft” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Spanish

Noun

draft m (plural drafts)

  1. draft (in sports)

Yola

Noun

draft

  1. Alternative form of draught

References

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 36
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