draen

draen

See also: Draen and dræn

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdʁɛːn/

Noun

draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)

1. (botany) thorn
2. fishbone
3. point, tip (of sharp object)
4. (by extension, of arms) détente
5. (by extension, of horse) withers
6. (figuratively) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty

Mutation

  Mutation of draen  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	draen	zraen	unchanged	traen
plural	drein	zrein	unchanged	trein

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104

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Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną, akin to Old Saxon thrāian, Old English þrāwan.

Verb

drāen

1. to twist
2. to turn

Conjugation

Conjugation of draen (weak class 1)

infinitive	draen
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	drau	drata
2nd person singular	drais	dratos
3rd person singular	drait	drata
1st person plural	draem, draemes	dratum, dratumes
2nd person plural	draet	dratut
3rd person plural	draent	dratun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	drae	drati
2nd person singular	draes	dratis
3rd person singular	drae	drati
1st person plural	draem, draemes	dratim, dratimes
2nd person plural	draet	dratit
3rd person plural	draen	dratin
imperative	present
singular	drai
plural	draet
participle	present	past
	draenti	gidrat

Descendants

• Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
  • Bavarian: drahn
    • Cimbrian: dréenan
  • Central Franconian: driehe, drähe, drähne
    • Hunsrik: drehe
    • Luxembourgish: dréien, dréinen
  • German: drehen
  • Yiddish: דרייען‎ (dreyen)

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Welsh

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]

Noun

draen f or f pl (plural drain or draenennau, singulative draenen)

1. (collective) thorns, prickles
2. (collective) hawthorns, briars, brambles

Derived terms

• draenog
• dreiniog

Etymology 2

From English drain.

Noun

draen f (plural draeniau or dreiniau)

1. drain

Related terms

• draenio
• draeniad

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
draen	ddraen	nraen	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “draen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104