dormio
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *dormiō, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run, sleep”).[1][2]
Cognates include Old Church Slavonic дрѣмати (drěmati, “to drowse, doze”), Russian дрема́ть (dremátʹ), Sanskrit द्राति (drāti, “to sleep”), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō, “I sleep”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈdor.mi.oː/, [ˈd̪ɔrmioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈdor.mi.o/, [ˈd̪ɔrmio]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Verb
dormiō (present infinitive dormīre, perfect active dormīvī or dormiī, supine dormītum); fourth conjugation, no passive
- I sleep
- Synonyms: obdormīscō, obdormiō, dormītō, obdormītō, cubō
- Antonyms: expergīscor, vigilō
- Eō dormītum.
- I'm going to sleep.
- Dormītūrī tē salūtant.
- Those (we) who are about to sleep salute you.
- c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5:
- Nōbīs cum semel occidit brevis lūx, nox est perpetua ūna dormienda.
- When the brief light has set on us, we must sleep one eternal night.
- Nōbīs cum semel occidit brevis lūx, nox est perpetua ūna dormienda.
- 65 BCE – 8 BCE, Horace, Sermones 2.1.7:
- vērum nequeō dormīre
- In truth, I can't sleep.
- vērum nequeō dormīre
- 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, 24:27:
- parum inquam dormiēs modicum dormitābis pauxillum manūs cōnserēs ut quiēscās
- Thou wilt sleep a little, said I, thou wilt slumber a little, thou wilt fold thy hands a little to rest.
- (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)
- Thou wilt sleep a little, said I, thou wilt slumber a little, thou wilt fold thy hands a little to rest.
- parum inquam dormiēs modicum dormitābis pauxillum manūs cōnserēs ut quiēscās
Conjugation
| Conjugation of dormiō (fourth conjugation, active only) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | dormiō | dormīs | dormit | dormīmus | dormītis | dormiunt |
| imperfect | dormiēbam | dormiēbās | dormiēbat | dormiēbāmus | dormiēbātis | dormiēbant | |
| future | dormiam | dormiēs | dormiet | dormiēmus | dormiētis | dormient | |
| perfect | dormīvī, dormiī | dormīvistī, dormiistī | dormīvit, dormiit | dormīvimus, dormiimus | dormīvistis, dormiistis | dormīvērunt, dormīvēre, dormiērunt, dormiēre | |
| pluperfect | dormīveram, dormieram | dormīverās, dormierās | dormīverat, dormierat | dormīverāmus, dormierāmus | dormīverātis, dormierātis | dormīverant, dormierant | |
| future perfect | dormīverō, dormierō | dormīveris, dormieris | dormīverit, dormierit | dormīverimus, dormierimus | dormīveritis, dormieritis | dormīverint, dormierint | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | dormiam | dormiās | dormiat | dormiāmus | dormiātis | dormiant |
| imperfect | dormīrem | dormīrēs | dormīret | dormīrēmus | dormīrētis | dormīrent | |
| perfect | dormīverim, dormierim | dormīverīs, dormierīs | dormīverit, dormierit | dormīverīmus, dormierīmus | dormīverītis, dormierītis | dormīverint, dormierint | |
| pluperfect | dormīvissem, dormiissem | dormīvissēs, dormiissēs | dormīvisset, dormiisset | dormīvissēmus, dormiissēmus | dormīvissētis, dormiissētis | dormīvissent, dormiissent | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | dormī | — | — | dormīte | — |
| future | — | dormītō | dormītō | — | dormītōte | dormiuntō | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | dormīre | dormīvisse, dormiisse | dormītūrum esse | — | — | — | |
| participles | dormiēns | — | dormītūrus | — | — | — | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| dormiendī | dormiendō | dormiendum | dormiendō | dormītum | dormītū | ||
Italo-Western Romance conjugation of *dormiō
| infinitive | *dǫrmírę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *dǫrmę́ntẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *dǫrmę́ndọ | ||||||
| past participle | *dǫrmítọ | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *dǫ́rmiọ | *dǫ́rmis | *dǫ́rmit | *dǫrmímọs | *dǫrmítẹs | *dǫ́rmọnt |
| imperfect | *dǫrmívã | *dǫrmívas | *dǫrmívat | *dǫrmivámọs | *dǫrmivátẹs | *dǫrmívant | |
| perfect | *dǫrmíi | *dǫrmísti | *dǫrmít | *dǫrmímmọs | *dǫrmístẹs | *dǫrmírọnt | |
| pluperfect | *dǫrmírã | *dǫrmíras | *dǫrmírat | *dǫrmirámọs | *dǫrmirátẹs | *dǫrmírant | |
| future perfect | *dǫrmírẽ | *dǫrmírẹs | *dǫrmírẹt | *dǫrmírẹmọs | *dǫrmírẹtẹs | *dǫrmírẹnt | |
| future | *dǫrmírę áviọ | *dǫrmírę ávẹs | *dǫrmírę ávęt | *dǫrmírę avẹ́mọs | *dǫrmírę avẹ́tẹs | *dǫrmírę ávęnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *áviọ dǫrmítọ | *ávẹs dǫrmítọ | *ávęt dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́mọs dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́tẹs dǫrmítọ | *ávęnt dǫrmítọ |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́vas dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́vat dǫrmítọ | *avẹvámọ dǫrmítọ | *avẹvátẹs dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́vant dǫrmítọ | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę áviọ dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́rę ávẹs dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́rę ávęt dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mọs dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs dǫrmítọ | *avẹ́rę ávęnt dǫrmítọ | |
| conditional | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *dǫrmírę avẹ́vã | *dǫrmírę avẹ́vas | *dǫrmírę avẹ́vat | *dǫrmírę avẹvámọs | *dǫrmírę avẹvátẹs | *dǫrmírę avẹ́vant | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *dǫ́rmiã | *dǫ́rmias | *dǫ́rmiat | *dǫrmiámọs | *dǫrmiátẹs | *dǫ́rmiant | |
| imperfect | *dǫrmírẽ | *dǫrmírẹs | *dǫrmíręt | *dǫrmirẹ́mọs | *dǫrmirẹ́tẹs | *dǫrmíręnt | |
| pluperfect | *dǫrmíssẽ | *dǫrmíssẹs | *dǫrmíssęt | *dǫrmissẹ́mọs | *dǫrmissẹ́tẹs | *dǫrmíssęnt | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| — | second | — | — | second | — | ||
| present | — | *dǫ́rmi | — | — | *dǫrmítę | — | |
Eastern Romance conjugation of *dormiō
| infinitive | *dǫrmírę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *dǫrmę́ntẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *dǫrmę́ndo | ||||||
| past participle | *dǫrmítu | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *dǫ́rmio | *dǫ́rmis | *dǫ́rmit | *dǫrmímus | *dǫrmítẹs | *dǫ́rmunt |
| imperfect | *dǫrmívã | *dǫrmívas | *dǫrmívat | *dǫrmivámus | *dǫrmivátẹs | *dǫrmívant | |
| perfect | *dǫrmíi | *dǫrmísti | *dǫrmít | *dǫrmímmus | *dǫrmístẹs | *dǫrmírunt | |
| future perfect | *dǫrmírẽ | *dǫrmírẹs | *dǫrmírẹt | *dǫrmírẹmus | *dǫrmírẹtẹs | *dǫrmírẹnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *ávio dǫrmítu | *ávẹs dǫrmítu | *ávęt dǫrmítu | *avẹ́mus dǫrmítu | *avẹ́tẹs dǫrmítu | *ávęnt dǫrmítu |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã dǫrmítu | *avẹ́vas dǫrmítu | *avẹ́vat dǫrmítu | *avẹvámu dǫrmítu | *avẹvátẹs dǫrmítu | *avẹ́vant dǫrmítu | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę ávio dǫrmítu | *avẹ́rę ávẹs dǫrmítu | *avẹ́rę ávęt dǫrmítu | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mus dǫrmítu | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs dǫrmítu | *avẹ́rę ávęnt dǫrmítu | |
| future | *vǫ́lio dǫrmírę | *vę́lẹs dǫrmírę | *vǫ́lęt dǫrmírę | *vǫlẹ́mus dǫrmírę | *vǫlẹ́tẹs dǫrmírę | *vǫ́lẹnt dǫrmírę | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *dǫ́rmiã | *dǫ́rmias | *dǫ́rmiat | *dǫrmiámus | *dǫrmiátẹs | *dǫ́rmiant | |
| pluperfect | *dǫrmíssẽ | *dǫrmíssẹs | *dǫrmíssęt | *dǫrmissẹ́mus | *dǫrmissẹ́tẹs | *dǫrmíssęnt | |
Sardinian conjugation of *dormiō
| infinitive | *dǫrmírę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *dǫrmę́ntis | ||||||
| gerund | *dǫrmę́ndo | ||||||
| past participle | *dǫrmítu | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *dǫ́rmio | *dǫ́rmis | *dǫ́rmit | *dǫrmímus | *dǫrmítis | *dǫ́rmunt |
| imperfect | *dǫrmívã | *dǫrmívas | *dǫrmívat | *dǫrmivámus | *dǫrmivátis | *dǫrmívant | |
| perfect | *dǫrmíi | *dǫrmísti | *dǫrmít | *dǫrmímmus | *dǫrmístis | *dǫrmírunt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *ávio dǫrmítu | *áves dǫrmítu | *ávęt dǫrmítu | *avémus dǫrmítu | *avétis dǫrmítu | *ávęnt dǫrmítu |
| pluperfect | *avévã dǫrmítu | *avévas dǫrmítu | *avévat dǫrmítu | *avevámu dǫrmítu | *avevátis dǫrmítu | *avévant dǫrmítu | |
| future perfect | *avérę ávio dǫrmítu | *avérę áves dǫrmítu | *avérę ávęt dǫrmítu | *avérę avémus dǫrmítu | *avérę avétis dǫrmítu | *avérę ávęnt dǫrmítu | |
| future | *ávio ád dǫrmírę | *áves ád dǫrmírę | *ávęt ád dǫrmírę | *avémus ád dǫrmírę | *avétis ád dǫrmírę | *ávęnt ád dǫrmírę | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *dǫ́rmiã | *dǫ́rmias | *dǫ́rmiat | *dǫrmiámus | *dǫrmiátis | *dǫ́rmiant | |
| imperfect | *dǫrmíręm | *dǫrmíres | *dǫrmíręt | *dǫrmirémus | *dǫrmirétis | *dǫrmíręnt | |
Related terms
- addormiō
- adormīscō
- condormiō
- condormīscō
- dormīscō
- dormītō
- ēdormiō
- ēdormīscō
- indormiō
- obdormīscō
- perdormīscō
- redormiō
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: dormu
- Istro-Romanian: durmi
- Megleno-Romanian: dorm
- Romanian: dormi, durmi
- Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: dorma, dorme
- Gallurese: drummí
- Dalmatian: dormer
- Italian: dormire
- Neapolitan: dormì, durmì
- Tarantino: durmè, dormere
- Sassarese: drummí
- Sicilian: dòrmiri, durmiri
- Corsican: dorma, dorme
- Padanian:
- Friulian: durmî
- Ladin: dormir, dormí
- Lombard: dormì, durmì, dòrmer
- Piedmontese: deurme, durmì, drumì
- Romagnol: durmì
- Romansch: durmir, durmeir
- Venetian: dormir
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: dromir
- Old French: dormir
- Middle French: dormir
- French: dormir
- Norman: dormi
- Walloon: doirmi
- Middle French: dormir
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: dormir
- Catalan: dormir
- Old Occitan: dormir
- Occitan: dormir
- Auvergnat: dromir
- Gascon: dromir, dròmer
- Limousin: durmir
- Vivaro-Alpine: durmir
- Occitan: dormir
- Ibero-Romance:
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: dormir
- Leonese: dormire
- Mirandese: drumir
- Old Portuguese: dormir, durmir
- Galician: durmir, dormir
- Portuguese: dormir (see there for further descendants)
- Old Spanish: dormir
- Ladino: durmir
- Spanish: dormir
- Old Leonese:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: dormire, dormiri, drommire, drumire
- Borrowings:
- → Icelandic: dorma
References
- “dormio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “dormio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- dormio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- I cannot sleep for anxiety: curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt
- to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
- to sleep on into the morning: in lucem dormire
- I cannot sleep for anxiety: curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt
- “dormire” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN