adsum
Latin
Etymology
From ad- (“to”) + sum (“I am”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈad.sum/, [ˈäs̠ːʊ̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈad.sum/, [ˈäd̪sum]
Verb
adsum (present infinitive adesse, perfect active adfuī, future participle adfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
- (with dative) I am present
- Synonym: stō
- Antonyms: dēsum, absum
- (with dative) I arrive
- Synonyms: perveniō, adveniō, ēvādō, obeō, teneō, tangō, prehendō
- (with dative) I attend
- (with dative) I am present with aid or support; to stand by, assist, favor, help, sustain
- Synonyms: adiūtō, iuvō, adiuvō, foveō, assistō, succurrō, sublevō, prōficiō, prōsum
- Antonym: officiō
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.652:
- nunc ades ō coeptīs, flāva Minervā, meīs.
- Now be favorably present, oh golden[-haired] Minerva, to [these] undertakings of mine.
(The imperative active present tense second person singular “ades” summons the muse of poetry, Minerva. Here, the meaning includes both divine “presence” and “assistance”.)
- Now be favorably present, oh golden[-haired] Minerva, to [these] undertakings of mine.
- nunc ades ō coeptīs, flāva Minervā, meīs.
- I protect, defend
- Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, custōdiō, vindicō, arceō, tūtor, prohibeō, mūniō, servō, tueor, sustineō, tegō
- Antonyms: obiectō, immineō, īnstō
Conjugation
| Conjugation of adsum (highly irregular, suppletive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | adsum | ades | adest | adsumus | adestis | adsunt |
| imperfect | aderam | aderās | aderat | aderāmus | aderātis | aderant | |
| future | aderō | aderis, adere | aderit | aderimus | aderitis | aderunt | |
| perfect | adfuī | adfuistī | adfuit | adfuimus | adfuistis | adfuērunt, adfuēre | |
| pluperfect | adfueram | adfuerās | adfuerat | adfuerāmus | adfuerātis | adfuerant | |
| future perfect | adfuerō | adfueris | adfuerit | adfuerimus | adfueritis | adfuerint | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | adsim | adsīs | adsit | adsīmus | adsītis | adsint, adessint1 |
| imperfect | adessem, adforem | adessēs, adforēs | adesset, adforet | adessēmus, adforēmus | adessētis, adforētis | adessent, adforent | |
| perfect | adfuerim | adfuerīs | adfuerit | adfuerīmus | adfuerītis | adfuerint | |
| pluperfect | adfuissem | adfuissēs | adfuisset | adfuissēmus | adfuissētis | adfuissent | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | ades | — | — | adeste | — |
| future | — | adestō | adestō | — | adestōte | adsuntō | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | adesse | adfuisse | adfutūrum esse, adfore | — | — | — | |
| participles | — | — | adfutūrus | — | — | — | |
1Archaic.
References
- “adsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “adsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- adsum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
- to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)
- (1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind: animo adesse
- to be quite unconcerned: animo adesse (Sull. 11. 33)
- to be present at divine service (of the people): sacris adesse
- to take no part in politics: rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse)
- to issue a proclamation calling on the senators to assemble in full force: edicere, ut senatus frequens adsit (Fam. 11. 6. 2)
- to appear in court: in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse
- to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse