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单词 discipline
释义

discipline

See also: discipliné

English

Etymology

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman, from Old French descipline, from Latin disciplina (instruction), from discipulus (pupil), from discere (to learn), from Proto-Indo-European *dek- ((cause to) accept).

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪn/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/, /ˈdɪs.ə.plən/
    • (file)

Noun

discipline (countable and uncountable, plural disciplines)

  1. A controlled behaviour; self-control.
    • a. 1729, John Rogers, The Difficulties of Obtaining Salvation
      The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.
    1. An enforced compliance or control.
      • 1956, Michael Arlen, “1/1/2”, in Piracy: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
        The masters looked unusually stern, but it was the sternness of thought rather than of discipline.
    2. A systematic method of obtaining obedience.
      • 1871, Charles John Smith, Synonyms Discriminated
        Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience.
      • 1973, Bible (New International Version), Hebrews 12:7:
        Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as his children. For what children are not disciplined by their father?
    3. A state of order based on submission to authority.
      • 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. [], London: [] Jacob Tonson, [], OCLC 403869432:
        Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part, / Obey the rules and discipline of art.
    4. A set of rules regulating behaviour.
    5. A punishment to train or maintain control.
      • 1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison; Richard Steele [et al.], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, [], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697:
        giving her the discipline of the strap
      1. (Catholicism) A whip used for self-flagellation.
      2. A flagellation as a means of obtaining sexual gratification.
  2. A specific branch of knowledge or learning.
    • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
      Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art.
    • 1648, John Wilkins, Mathematical Magick:
      This mathematical discipline, by the help of geometrical principles, doth teach to contrive several weights and powers unto motion or rest.
    1. A category in which a certain art, sport or other activity belongs.

Synonyms

  • (branch or category): field, sphere
  • (punishment): penalty, sanction

Antonyms

  • (controlled behaviour et al.): spontaneity

Derived terms

  • academic discipline
  • discipline-specific
  • market discipline
  • pseudodiscipline
  • self-discipline
  • subdiscipline
  • disciple
  • disciplinal
  • disciplinarian
  • disciplinary
  • discipliner
  • interdisciplinary
  • multidisciplinary

Translations

See also

  • castigation
  • stricture

Verb

discipline (third-person singular simple present disciplines, present participle disciplining, simple past and past participle disciplined)

  1. (transitive) To train someone by instruction and practice.
  2. (transitive) To teach someone to obey authority.
  3. (transitive) To punish someone in order to (re)gain control.
  4. (transitive) To impose order on someone.

Synonyms

  • drill
  • disciplined
  • disciplinable
  • disciplinarian

Translations


Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch discipline, from Old French discipline, from Latin disciplīna.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˌdi.siˈpli.nə/, /ˌdɪ.siˈpli.nə/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: dis‧ci‧pli‧ne
  • Rhymes: -inə

Noun

discipline f (plural disciplines, diminutive disciplinetje n)

  1. discipline, self-control
    Synonyms: zelfbeheersing, zelfcontrole
  2. discipline, regime of forcing compliance
  3. discipline, sanction
    Synonym: tucht
  4. discipline, branch
    Synonym: tak

Derived terms

  • disciplinair
  • disciplineren
  • kadaverdiscipline
  • kerndiscipline
  • onderzoeksdiscipline
  • sportdiscipline
  • discipel
  • ongedisciplineerd

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: dissipline
  • Indonesian: disiplin

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /di.si.plin/
  • (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin disciplīna.

Noun

discipline f (plural disciplines)

  1. discipline, sanction
  2. discipline, self-control
  3. discipline, branch
Derived terms
  • disciplinaire
  • discipliner
  • disciple
Descendants
  • Turkish: disiplin

Verb

discipline

  1. inflection of discipliner:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

  • discipline”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Noun

discipline f pl

  1. plural of disciplina

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /d͡ʒi.siˈplĩ.ni/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /d͡ʒi.siˈpli.ne/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /diʃ.siˈpli.n(ɨ)/, (natural pronunciation) /di.ʃiˈpli.n(ɨ)/

Verb

discipline

  1. inflection of disciplinar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

discipline

  1. inflection of disciplinar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative
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